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COPYRIGHT BY ERNST WASMUTH A.G., BERI 


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pain is one great open-air museum containing the cultural wealth of the most 
S varied epochs and peoples. On the walls of the Altamari cave is blazoned that 

much admired steer painted thousands of years ago by men of the Ice Age. In 
Barcelona stand the fantastic buildings of neo-Castilian present-day art. Celts, lberians, 
Romans, Carthaginians, Moors and Goths have fought and struggled for supremacy in 
Spain. Of all this the stones tell us to-day. They are the chronicles. They relate of 
bitter strife; of the culture and art aspirations belonging to times gone by. Much has 
vanished into dust and ruin. That which has survived time’s fretting tooth serves as a 
giant bridge to lead us back to the past. 

Fate was kind enough to let me spend five years in Spain. Caught there by the 
war while engaged in studies, | was cut off from home. | made use of my involuntary 
stay to become acquainted with the country in its furthermost corners. | roved to and 
fro from the pinnacles of the Pyrenees to the shores of Tarifa, from the palm forest of 
Elché to the forgotten Hurdes inhabitants of Estremadura. 

On all my lonely wanderings | was accompanied by my faithful camera: we covered 
over 45000 kilometres together in Spain. We kept our eyes open diligently. | say we, 
for in addition to mine was a precious glass eye in the shape of the Zeiss lens. Whereas 
my eyes only made me the intellectual recipient of what we saw, that of my travelling 
companion made it a pictorial permanency. | took over 2000 photographs during our 
peregrinations. This volume only presents a small selection. It was not easy to make 
the final choice. Many a picture had to be omitted to which | was attached, either for 
its peculiarity or its character. 

l went at no one’s instigation through Spain but that of my own in search of the 
beautiful. | was not guided by any constraining professional principles. Beautiful art 
treasures, geographical peculiarities, enchanting landscapes, interesting customs that 
attracted my attention were retained by my camera. | followed the same lines in making 
my selections for publication. 

1 entitle this volume “Picturesque Spain’. Much will be unknown to many. | begin 
however with a spot famous throughout the world. — And yet | was bound to. Like 
the pilgrim who is drawn to the fabled Fontana Trevi once he has drunk of its waters, 
so too was | drawn again and again to Granada in my wanderings. | believe too that 
| have succeeded in presenting the Alhambra from one or two new points of view. Who 
indeed could exhaust this well of beauty? 

Nor could | pass heedlessly by Cordoba, Seville and Toledo, for these towns are 
starting points. — Finger-posts to unknown Spain. Without these monuments of ancient 
times, those parts of Spain situate far from the high-roads remain an almost insol- 
vable riddle. 

My pictures must speak for themselves. Those who know how to ask them will 
find that they tell much. For this reason | shall limit myself to but a few introductory 
words. They serve to connect the known with the unknown; to throw light on the paths 
along which | journeyed in Spain. 


Vil 


Granada! Thy name is music; a joyous chord of beauty} To pass the spring 
within thy gateways is to walk the heights of life. 

Spring has cast a shower of blossoms over the town and woven a delicate green 
carpet around the Alhambra. How many many centuries has it not worshipped thus 
yearly at the feet of the castle? Long ago passionate Moorish women decorated their 
raven hair there with rosy almond blossoms. — lt is long since that the glory of those 
days has departed. Perhaps this is why the castle walls look down so sadly at the beauty 
of this blissful vernal soil. 

Bidding defiance in the grandeur of their strength the towers of the Alhambra arise. 
Their fiery red lights skywards like the flames on giant altars.*) 

Is it possible that these massive cyclopean walls should hide a fairy-land? 

Impatiently we climb the castle mount. Reaching an old stone gateway ornamented 
with pomegranates, the noise of the streets is left behind as we enter a yew grove 
whose ancient giant stems are ivy~grown; blue myrtle covers the ground, the lights 
gleam golden through the foliage, the wind murmurs among the branches, nightingales 
sing in the boscage, swallows dart twittering over the tree tops, water hurries babbling 
down the hilly slope. | 

All this seems like a miracle in Spain so poor in forests. It is as though another 
world had opened its gates. , 

The great Gate of Judgment is passed, and an inconspicuous door leads to the 
Court of the Myrtles. Here one feels surrounded by the spirit of the Orient. Delicate 
jasper and alabaster columns support the airy arches which are swung like lace veils 
from arcade to arcade. The emerald-green waters of the fountain gaze dreamily skywards 
and at all the bright beauty of the scene. 

Then there is the Court of the Lions, subject of so many songs, with the filigreed 
architecture of its covered walks. Enchanting in its delicate tracery and beauty, it is a 
fairy-tale, a poem in stone infinitely rhythmic with music. And indeed, music 1s the only 
language that can render such beauty. 

The magnificent halls are full of a wealth of ornamentation. The walls are rainbow- 
like with the colours of Persian carpets and Cashmere shawls. Arabic inscriptions are 
scrolled along these labyrinths of colour, praising in exalted words the mystic beauty 
of the halls. One runs joyously: “God has filled me with such a plentitude of beauty 
that even the stars stay in their course enchanted to gaze on me.” 

Once beautiful sultanas looked out from the “Seat of Admiration’” (as the Arabs 
called that jewel of the Alhambra, the Mirador de Daraca,) into the pretty garden filled 
with the heavy scent of roses, jasmines and oleanders. A swaying mass of tangled climbing 
plants are festooned from laurel to cypress, and from cypress to orange-tree. In the 
middle there is a marvellously delicate fountain basin from the edges of which the water 
slides and drips with tuneful sound as if it fain would tell of long forgotten beauteous days. 

We leave the glittering fairy-palace full of memories of the Arabian Nights, and 
our lips whisper the wish of the Arabic poem writ over a little niche: 

“May Heaven’s blessings rest upon these castle halls 
As long as pilgrims wend their way to Mecca’s walls!” 

Nay, as long as clouds sail the skies, and seekers after beauty rove on earth} 

This is the mood one is in when climbing further up the mountain to the Moorish 
summer palace, the Generalife. 

We are met, as it were, and shown the way by a double row of slim black-green 
cypresses — dark trees of silence. 


*) Vide pictures I—22, 25. Bracketed figures in the text refer to the respective views. 


Vill 


The Generalife is enthroned far up on the heights, and embedded in terrace-shaped 
gardens. 

The gardens! In them nature has enfolded all her abounding wealth of colour. 
Crimson~ramblers, wistarias, vines and ivy smother the walls. Mangolias, oleanders, 
almond trees, laurels, cypresses, araucarias, olive trees, agaves, palms and mimosa vie 
with one another for precedence. Flaming pomegranate blossoms, blood-red roses, violet 
mallows, blue fleurs-de-lis, white jasmine, yellow narcissi, and golden oranges in dark 
green foliage are a riot of colour. Ball shaped myrtles surround the little fountain, 
listening to the babbling of its silver waters, and in the twigs the song of birds greeting 
nature in her holiday garments. 

Wondrous peace broods o’er this land. Through trees and halls and wall arches 
there is a magnificent view of the Alhambra and the multi-coloured houses of the town 
at its feet, and further on to the picturesque Albaicin, and over cactus-grown Sacro- 
monte with its gypsy cave~dwellings, and still further to the snow-capped Sierra Nevada. 
Another glance shows the fertile plains of the Vega through which the clear waters of 
the Genil flow. 

However full of radiant happiness the day may have been, it is outshone by the 
sinking sun casting a golden halo over the country-side. The walls of the Alhambra, 
once so fiercely fought for, stand forth as though dipped in blood. The distant moun- 
tains glitter golden-bronze, and the snowy sides of the Sierra Nevada scintillate in flames. 
Slowly the fire dies down, and a chill spectral white falls upon the snow summits. The 
eventide is there and with it the stars. 

The Spaniards have coined a proud sentence: “Quien no ha visto Granada, no ha 
visto nada!” He who has not seen Granada has seen nought! And | should like to add: 
He who has seen Granada and the Alhambra on sunny spring days bears with him a 
talisman to ward off sorrows in dull days, and can never be completely unhappy again 
in life. 


The Mosque, Cordova. A nation set forth to convert the world to its faith. 
Its battle-cry in this holy war was Allah! Victory after victory was gained, till finally 
the triumphal march of fanaticism was stopped by the opposing faith of its religious 
adversaries. The waves receded, and the Cross triumphed over the Crescent. This 
struggle of two faiths and two continents left indelible marks on the fields of battle. 

These wars had been carried on in the name of God. Sacred edifices were erected 
to the victor. On the ruins of the mosque arose the most beautiful cathedral in the 
world as token of victory. Spain never would have received the impress she bears to- 
day without those bitter religious wars. 

Cordova was the jewel among Moorish occidental towns, destined to outshine the 
sister cities Damascus and Bagdad in the far Orient. It was here that all the wealth and 
pomp of Moorish domination was displayed. Cordova’s population exceeded a million 
souls. It was the seat of Arabic art and profound learning; the centre of religious life. 
The muezzin called the faithful to prayers from 3000 minarets. Cordova became a new 
Mecca which drew crowds of pilgrims from the East to the West. 

What has now become of this metropolis? A shadow! Wandering through narrow 
streets of the town one seems to be in Cordova of a thousand years ago. The old 
cobbled pavements are probably the same, the houses too, behind whose trellised 
windows the harem was hidden. The old crooked, narrow and confused mass of streets 
are still there. Once in a while a palm is seen leaning over white walls across the street; 
open doors offer views into pleasant court-yards. 


IX 


The Mezquita, the Mosque, stands like a dark rock surrounded by the white trembling 
light of the sea of houses. 

A wonderful gateway leads to the Orange Court. The fruit and flowers of these 
trees perfume the air with incense. High up, backed by the blue sky, the palm trees are 
waving in the wind. Fountains are plashing. Once they served to refresh burnoosed 
dusty and foot-sore pilgrims come from afar to serve their God here. The faithful bathed 
in these fountains before purifying their souls in Allah’s house. — Now the fountains are 
perpetually surrounded by the town maidens who come to fetch a cooling draught in 
their finely curved earthenware jugs. 

The impression on entering the forest of columns that support the mosque is both 
unexpected and overpowering. ls this not a petrified palm wood? And does not this 
stony grove incorporate the conception of infinity? There is a mystic dusk among these 
columns that lends to them an endless space of silence and eternity: the symbo] of belief. 

It is to the credit of the victorious Christians that they did not cool their religious 
ardour by destroying this Islamitic place of worship. It is extremely regrettable that their 
descendants have treated this monument of Mohammedan culture with such carelessness. 

The mosque became a Christian church. Where once the cry of ‘Allah illah Allah)” 
echoed thousandfold, “Praise be the Lord!”’ is now sung. The first deed was to erect altars 
in the door-niches. Then seventy pillars were laid low, and a choir with the High-Altar 
erected in their stead: a church within a church. Charles V. was reluctant to give his 
permission for these alterations. When he came to Cordova and saw what had been 
done, he exclaimed in perturbation: “What you are building can be seen anywhere. You 
have destroyed what was unique in the world.*) 

Untouched in its pristine beauty, hidden in semi-darkness, not far from the Holy 
of Holies of the Christian church, stands the Holy of Holies of the mosque, the Mihrab 
or prayer-niche in which the Koran was kept. It is a jewel of Moorish art. Whereas the 
rest of the mosque columns are connected by double horse-shoe arches, banded inred and 
white, here the beautifully chased dentaded arches rise straight to the lovely curved dome. 
The niche socle is white marble of lace-like texture above which a profusion of colours 
glow: blood-red, rust brown, dark blue violet interwoven with a sublime sheen of gold. 
Perhaps the mosaic walls and lettered scrolls upon them have in some mystical manner 
caught the light of the thousand swinging lamps that once had cast their soft rays through 
the dim shades of space. For six long centuries all these glowing colours were hidden. 
Before Cordova was surrendered to the Christians the sanctuary was walled up. It was 
only discovered in 1815. 

We pass entranced along the colonnaded aisles, enthraled by the wondrous beauty 
of this miracle in stone. It is like awakening from a fantastic dream to set foot again in 
the blinding sun of the silent town that has become the shrine of one of the most precious 
jewels in the world (SO—60). 


Moorish scenes far from the beaten track: A burning hot day in August. — 
The air trembles in the heat over the olive trees. The day hangs heavy in the blue vault 
of heaven. | had been wandering for long long hours, when all of a sudden my eyes 
were caught by a fata morgana: wafted perhaps from the coast of Morocco? No, it was 


*) Cordova was taken soon after the battle of Jerez (711). Abd-ur-rahman lL. the founder of the Omaijaden 
dynasty began to build the mosque in 785. The columns (their number is stated at between 1400 and 1500) were 
collected from buildings in all countries: Byzantium, Rome, Carthage, Nimes, Narbonne, etc.; hence their variety of 
form and material (marble, porphyry, jasper, alabaster). In 1235 Cordova was taken by. the Christians. The erection 
of the choir was begun in 1523. 


no mirage. Impossible! Yet it did not disappear as | approached. Strange indeed was 
the scene: houses scattered like dice over a mountain (91). 

A timid lad of whom | asked the name of the spot, slunk shyly past me. My map 
was of no assistance to me. At last | was informed that | had arrived at “la muy noble 
y bel ciudad Mochagar, llave y amparo del reino de Granada”. ‘‘What,” | asked “this 
hamlet still calls itself the key and guardian of the kingdom of Granada? But that kingdom 
was destroyed half a thousand years ago when the Moors were driven from Granada.” 

A miracle must have happened here that time should have remained stationary. 
Here was the pure Moorish impress. Most of the houses are windowless. The flat roofs 
are sometimes the road to the higher houses, and always their foot-stool. And although 
the water of baptism has wetted the women’s hair, they pass veiled in the Moorish fashion 
along the streets. With tucked up skirts and naked legs they step lightly along the steep 
alleys, returning from the fountains with water amphorae. They eye the foreign trespasser 
suspiciously and curiously. And when | requested the veiled women to let me take their 
photographs they stared at me, for they had never even seen a camera. | showed them 
a picture, and explained that | wanted to have theirs too. They refused. Finally one 
girl agreed. But an old scold hurried up and beat her for her frowardness: throwing 
herself away like that! In this Christian country | found shamefacedness and adherence 
to the laws of Mohammed. Let no mortal body serve as an image} 

An old man with whom | spoke about this incident told me that if a girl no longer 
- veiled her face, but hid her legs, there was not much left to spoil about her. 

But | was determined that | would not leave without a picture of one of the veiled 
beauties. At last | succeeded, with the consent of the mother of one of the girls. The eye 
of my camera winked slyly when | took my snap~shot. In thanking the girl, | held out 
my hand, but she seemed quite taken aback, and hid her hands behind her. | pressed 
her to shake hands. | should not do her any harm. But her mother apologized for her 
saying: “No, she doesn’t mean to be rude, but it is not the custom in our country for 
a girl to let a man touch her hand before marriage.” Perhaps this little incident explains 


the once much-used expression employed by wooers “‘will you give me your daughter's 
hand?” (90). 


The Palm Forest of Elché (100—103). The only palm forest in Europe. 
It numbers more than 115 000 trees, and is also a Moorish heritage. They caused the 
water to flow to this spot from a distance of 5 kilometres in order to create an oasis 
here in the desert — for the district is to-day little else. Palms must grow with their roots 
in the water and their crowns in the glaring sun. For years no rain has fallen on this spot. 

The view is strange from the church-tower down on white houses over which the 
palm tops are spread like a canopy. Beyond the palm forest the grey-yellow desert plain 
surrounds this isle of peace. In the far distance the blue ocean sleeps in proud majesty. 
Death and life are here in close juxtaposition. 


Sat 


Easterin Seville. The train is rushing southwards over the arid Castilian high 
plateaux, which in summer are as empty as a beggar’s palm. The bare treeless Mancha 
has put on its modest spring garment which now shows in the distance like delicate green 
velvet. A short-lived joy! In but a few weeks the scorched ground will again be covered 
with a yellowish-gray pall. 


XI 


At present the fresh breeze comes down from the mountains of the Sierra de Guadar- 
rama. Scarcely, however, has the train wound its way through the wild canons of the 
Sierra Modena, when spring opens wide her gate. A warm damp hot-house atmosphere 
is wafted into the carriage windows. 

We are soon surrounded by meadows that are like a great flower-garden in which 
the blood-red poppy and golden-yellow primrose struggle for supremacy. Once in a 
while a village is seen dreaming like Sleeping Beauty among the flower groves. For a 
long stretch agaves and cacti fringe the track. Finally Seville sends forth her messengers 
in the shape of blossoming rose-gardens and orange groves laden with their ripe golden 
fruit. An ancient mangolia stretches a rosy blossom branch towards us, lingering on in 
its old age in this scene so full of yearning life. Tall slim palms nod to us, and yet new 
children of Flora crowd upon us to bring us Seville and spring’s friendly welcome. 

Heedlessly the train clatters past all this beauty towards the white maze of Seville’s 
houses, above which towers that beautiful emblem of the town, the Giralda. At last the 
engine snorts noisily into the station. 

But how different is everything to-day in front of the station. No yelling hotel 
porters, no carriages awaiting the passengers, no electric-car with clanging bell, no hooting 
of motor~cars.—The square is lifeless at this early afternoon hour. It is the “Semana 
santa’, Passion-week, that has cast this almost oppressive spell of silence over the great 
city. Even the brazen voices of the church-bells are muffled, as though that had gone 


into sacred mourning. The wooden banging of the Matraca calls hoarsely to prayers - 


with dry and unmelodious voice. 

The further you penetrate into the town, the more the sacred holiday stillness is 
ousted. All Seville is crowding, chattering and laughing to the Cathedral to see the 
procession. At last you have to stop. There is no getting through the impenetrable human 
wall. It is a strange procession that is passing by, as though conjured up from the Middle 
Ages. Huddled figures stalk past slowly and stiffly. They appear like spectres. Old 
pictures of witches and inquisitionary trials are recalled to my mind, for nowhere else 
have | ever seen such terrifying apparitions; never in life. Black cowls are wrapped around 
their bodies, and on their head are huge black conical hats a yard high. Long sable cloths, 
in which only two eyelets are pierced, are suspended over their faces down to their 
waists. A corded rope is wound round the penitential garments. The hands of the 
apparitions clasp rough wooden crosses, or metal staves, as tall as themselves. These 
figures march in front of a portable dais on which a life-like statue of the Virgin Mary 
is enthroned clad in magnificent garments thickly encrusted with gold. — The procession 
stops. The dais is lowered. A young woman steps from the crowd, turns her eyes to the 
Queen of Heaven and sings her praise. 

When the twenty or thirty bearers who carry the heavy dais on their shoulders, 
and who are hidden by drapery suspended round the frame, have rested enough, the 
signal to start is given by knocking on the front of the dais. A jerk, and the procession 
moves on a few paces. One religious body of brethren follows on the heels of the 
other. Each of them wear their own distinctive multicoloured badges. Some have a 
blue pointed hat, others white, brown, violet or other coloured garments. Next to a 
father his ten-year old son in the same vestments is often seen, as well as the miniature 
penitent of fifteen in the procession. 

The various brotherhoods are filled with an ardent ambition to outdo the others 
in the magnificence of their Pasos as the daises are called. The whole story of the Passion 
from Gethsemane to the burial of our Lord, is shown on them as they pass before our 
eyes. — Of course the clergy in full canonicals, as well as the town and state officials are 
also represented in the procession. At intervals, groups of Roman legionaries of Christ’s 


Xil 


day apper, then angels, and St. Veronica carrying the kerchief. Interspersed bands bray 
and flourish the same march without cess. 

Each brotherhood in the procession is ceremoniously received by the chief authority 
of the town in Constitution Square which looks like a huge theatre auditorium. It is 
filled with rows of chairs of which not a single one is empty. The surrounding bal- 
conies are a sea of heads. 

Hour by hour passes. Night falls. And now hundreds of wax-candles blaze forth 
on the daises, and each penitent carries a gigantic taper in his hand. Thus this endless 
and mysterious procession of lights moves on to the cathedral, passes through its magni- 
ficent nave, and out again through the other doors into the streets. 

The cathedral has opened its treasure-house for the “Semana santa” and displayed 
all its pomp. There are candles of the gigantic bronze candelabrum (the renowned 
Tenebrario), and on the altar the sacred wax-candle weighing several hundredweight. 
A huge sepulchre has been erected to the glory of Christ, in which the Holy of Holies 
is kept during Passion week. Hundreds of lamps and candles illuminate the golden- 
white four-storey edifice, which is over 30 metres high, and flooded with a wondrous 
glowing halo. 

The celebrated miserere of Eslava is perfomed in the cathedral on the night of 
Cood Friday. But, alas! it is impossible to enjoy the sacred tunes owing to the general 
noisy inattention around. Weary forms are sitting on the steps of the chapels and 
around the grave of Columbus. Here a mother is suckling her infant, there an animate 
heap of rags is wrapt in sleep, and all the while there is a continual pushing and elbowing 
to get to the front. 

However we must not judge of all this in the light of serious northern church festi- 
vals. This would only lead us to drawing both severe and wrong conclusions. Perhaps 
this manner may be an historical development. Has not our Teutonic Christianity also 
wedded itself to much that is ancient heathenism? For instance Christmas and the winter 
solstice festival. Much that is Moorish obtains in Spain to this day. Perhaps even 
— unconsciously — the conception of the purpose of a place of worship. Was not the 
mosque often enough a secular place of meeting for the Moslems, and at the same time 
a university? However, enough of conjectures. It is a fact that the worship of the Lord 
and the Virgin Mary is for the Spaniard a service of love. Whether the occasion be 
Trinity or Passion week, it is one of joyful praise of Heaven. 
| shall always remember one quiet hour permeated with the holy spirit of Easter 
among these joyful and yet pious Easter days. — | had mounted the Ciralda, that jewel 
of erstwhile Moorish minaret architecture, the cathedral tower. At my feet lay the white 
sea of houses. The town was bathed in sunshine. The beautiful blue dome of heaven 
spread its mighty arch over the holiday-making land as. though protecting and blessing 
it. The faint music of the mass far below was wafted up to me, when suddenly a booming 
vibration filled the air, and all the tower bells, which had been silent so long, peeled out 
across the sunlit country: Christ is arisen! The sister bells of the other towers echoed the 
message across the spring clad country. 


The Patio (40, 42—49). It is a favourite expression to call Seville the town of 
bright court-yards. Those court~yards which light and fill the house with sunshine. 
The Sevillian house, or rather the Andalusian house, is not a building such as our houses, 
fronting on the street, but one that fronts to an inner court, turning its back on the 
street. The outsides of the houses are bare of ornament, almost windowless; a secret 
to the passer-by. All their beauty is displayed yardwards. There wealth obtains in all 


Xill 


its pomp, and poverty unfolds its modest ornaments. The narrow passage — the Zaguan — 
leading from the street to the court is closed by a railed gate. The gallery — to which 
access is gained by steps leading from the court — is supported by columns. The rooms 
of the upper stories lead to the gallery. To cool the air there is a fountain in the middle 
of the court surrounded by palms, araucarias, laurels, orange-trees, oleanders and flowers 
in pots. The walls are covered with multi~coloured tiles. Against them brightly up- 
holstered furniture, chairs, and sometimes even a piano; the inevitable guitar is in a 
corner. Climbing plants festoon the court. 

Practically this is the centre of the whole family life. Friends are received here, - 
hours passed in argument, singing, music and dancing — whether in company or alone, 
dreaming away the hours, listening to the plashing of the fountain, it is in the court — 
the soul of the house — that most time is spent. 


There is nothing commonplace about Spanish houses. They still retain their pecu- 
liarity impressed on them by the patina of age. Many have tumbled down under the 
burden of years. Many have perished; but they “perished in beauty”. The period of their 
prosperity still lingers on in the churches and ornate fagades of desorted squares. 

Toledo is the most Spanish of towns. It was once the heart of the country, pulsating 
with the great rhythm of epic history. But its heart no longer beats. 

Resting on steep granite hills above the deep Tajo valley stands the yellow-grey 
heap of houses as though rooted in the rocks. Two gigantic bridges span the river. 
Narrow alleys lead up hill and down dale; many cornerd and dark. The whole town 
seems in a fighting mood. Huge gateways and towers, the houses fort-like, the doors 
studded with heavy nails. Indeed, there is hardly a town that has seen so many battles 
rounds its walls. Spain’s history has passed over it with heavy steps. And to-day? 
Rent walls, ruin and silence: the town the accumulated wreckage of a thousand years 
(139148). | 

Segovia, Toledo’s sister city is similarly situated on rocks arising abruptly from the 
plain. It is dominated by a great cathedral tower, and guarded by the well-proportioned 
Alcazar which stands forth like a fairy castle. A miraculous building erected, one would 
say, to brave eternity in the days when Christ was born. But otherwise Segovia is different 
to Toledo. It is the Nuremberg of Spain, gay in its leafy setting (157—164). 

There are other brave old companions-in-arms of these two veterans, dating from 
ancient war days: circumvallated Avila (165—169), Cuenca and Albarracin with their 
swallow~nest houses clinging to lofty crags (120, 121, 192—194), Daroca protected 
by two mountains over which the whole of the battlemented walls have climbed (195— 
197), Alquezar in the Pyrenees, the northern outpost of the Moors in Spain (210—212), 
Sigiienza, Jerica, Trujillo, Caceres, Niebla, Carmona, Martos, Antequera, and many 
bold castillos. 

Ronda is the most boldly situated town lying on a high plateau encircled by a wide 
mountain arena (62, 63). Running through the rocky plateau is a huge crevice which 
looks as though it had been split in rage by the mighty fists of giants. 

The streams thunder down in all their wild force over the boulders, hammer threaten- 
ingly against the rocky walls, break into scintillating spray, rush round in whirlpools, 
and hurry on their course. And in close proximity to all this turmoil, the rocky walls 
stand unshaken in their immobility against the sky-line, an emblem of eternity cast in 
stone by the hand of God. The rainbow in the spray has been copied by man in the shape 
of a bridge high over the abyss joining the rocky heights upon which the town stands. 


XIV 


Let us pass from these stubborn old battle towns to a more smiling scene: San 
Sebastian (286 —290) known throughout the world for its incomparably beautiful situation 
on the sea. The view from Monte Ulia, a mountain guarding the entrance to this para- 
dise, is wonderful beyond words. Here nature has modelled and painted a masterpiece. 
The sea hugs the land in two gracefully curved bays and catches the beauties of the 
town in the reflection of its waters. 


Cave-dwellings and the simple life. — This time | decided to leave the 
destination of my wanderings to chance. | could have chosen no better guide. | set out 
long before the dew was dry, or the sun had risen. The palm trees were just beginning 
to shake themselves in the early breeze when | approached a strange rocky landscape. 
Dark holes in the rock stared at me like dead eyes. But nevertheless life was hidden 
there. Human forms stepped out of the holes to greet the morn. 

What | saw was a towering rock wall with hundreds of cave-dwellings next to each 
other and over each other. Some of them were even five storeys high and approached 
from the outside (92). Where the rocks were too steep, the approaches had been dug 
from the inside, and upper storeys created with outlook holes and loggias high up in 
the rocks. Tunnels had been cut in the soft stone to get from one rock valley to the other. 

The children were running about in the costume God had given them. But it is not 
to be supposed that they were troglodytes, and as unaware of culture as those who 
lived in the ice period. High on the rocks you can read in large black letters on a white 
background “El Retiro”. 

Every Spaniard knows, at least by name, Madrid’s beautiful park the Retiro. For 
this reasons it seems somewhat of a joke to suddenly come across the name in such a 
spot far up on the rocks. El Retiro, like Sanssouci, means solitude, retreat, place of rest. 
An enterprising hotel-keeper has levelled his portion of rocks into roof-terraces where the 
favourite gossip hour (tertulla) is spent, skittles played, and merry dances performed. 
Hence the alluring words on the wall for the benefit of passers-by. On another rock is 
graven the brief significant inscription: “Dios, Pan y Cultura” (God, Bread, and 
Culture. 92—95). | 

During the course of another stroll | was again equally surprised. | saw smoke 
arising in the distance from ground that looked like fantastic mountain erosions. Surely 
this was not the site of volcanic activity? Indeed this was out of the question. And on 
drawing nigh | discerned human figures moving among the columns of smoke. | then 
saw to my astonishment that little smoking towers — not unlike champagne corks in 
shape — were chimneys projecting out of the ground. | had again strayed among cave~ 
dwellers. What Homeric primitiveness was there! The valleys are the streets, the mountain 
sides the fronts of the houses, the pinnacles villas. Front gardens are once and a while 
supplied by giant cacti and spiky agaves. My wanderings in this interesting world~ 
forgotten primitive spot lasted for hours as | passed up and down the so-called 
streets (96—99). 

My greetings were met with a cheerful response, and | was invited to enter a cool 
cave, provided with a drink of fresh water, and shown the treasures of the modest 
household: the bed on the ground, the hearth with a copper kettle, the earthenware 
pitcher, the stool, the oil-lamp and the image of the patron saint. 

“Now as to work?” | asked. “Well we don’t do too much in that way. We culti- 
vate what we need over there where the river runs. We make bricks for the towns 
where the people live in houses.” — Truly a picture of an enviable state of modest 


XV 


requirements. There are still those who are satisfied with the tub of Diogenes. Indeed you 
may find many such all over Spain. | remember when at a little railway station finding 
only a lad deep in his after-dinner nap. For the rest, there was no one else to take my 
luggage, so | woke him up and asked him to help me. He stretched himself in all the 
bliss of laziness, took a couple of coppers out of his pocket, and showing them to me 
said: “I’ve earned 22 centimos to-day already; that’s all | need,” turned over, and went 
to sleep again. | continued on my way recalling the words of the Indian philosopher: 
“He who is without wants in nearest to God.” 

There is no cause to shrug one’s shoulders. Diligence and happiness are but relative 
conceptions. And just the poorest in Spain understand the art of doing nothing combined 
with extracting joy from next to nothing. They need a little shade in summer, and the 
sunshine in winter; a piece of bread, a tomato, a drop of wine. The whole earth with 
the sky for a roof is their bed-room; the highroad their field of labour. There is no 
master they would exchange positions with; they are their own masters; masters of their 
own time — verily a great possession this. Why then should they not spend it 
generously? “He whom God helps will go further than he who rises betimes“ runs a 
Spanish proverb. And the Bible tells us: “Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, 
neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feedeth them.” 


Feria in Septilveda. — A bull-fight. There is high holiday in Sepulveda, 
(172, 173) an ancient little town far from the turmoil of the great world, and far even 
from the railroad, which indeed is nearly 100 kilometres away. The feria is the greatest 
day of the whole year. Men and women crowd into the place on horses and donkeys. 
Old friends meet again. Once more they see ‘life’. Above all it is the bull-fight that is 
the greatest attraction. It has been for weeks already the only topic worth speaking 
about. As however our little town has no arena, the market-place is used instead. All 
day the lively rat-tat of hammers is heard there. The windows of the picturesque dignified 
old town-hall gaze smilingly down on the lively scene. At last there is really something 
worth looking at again. Another long tedious sleepy year has gone by. 

There is hardly any one who does not go the hour’s walk outside the town to ad- 
mire the bulls which have come from a long way off, and for the present are being 
kept at pasture. 

When the great day has come, every one is up with the sun. The arrival of the 
savage animals is feverishly expected. The bravest show their courage by going forth 
to meet the procession. 

A cloud of dust on the highway announces its approach. And finally forms emerge 
from it. At the head a picador on horseback with a lance, behind him the black bodies 
of the bulls surrounded by tame steers, and followed by a second picador. As they 
rush through the narrow streets to the market-square a mighty cry goes up: “Los toros} 
Los toros!” Shouting, whistling, howling, yelling, and a general pandemonium rends 
the welkin. 

Finally the bulls are secured, and it is only in the afternoon that the longed-for 
hour arrives. 

The forenoon has its own pleasures. Young men demonstrate their daring by teasing 
a young bull specially selected for the purpose, and earn acclamation or mocking 
laughter as the case may be. These young heroes try to put into practice what they 
have seen at the Torero; only it is less dangerous. No blood is shed, only torn trousers 
and bruises are the honorofic mementoes of the great day (174, 175). 


XVI 


My thoughts naturally harked back to the first bull-fight | had seen — in Madrid. 
The impression was stupendous: fifteen thousand gay spectators in the great sweep of 
the arena all impatient for the nerve-racking fight to begin. The arena was filled with 
the babble of voices. It was a chaos of colours, cloudy lace mantillas, flower-em- 
broidered shawls, fans swaying nervously, jet-black glowing eyes. — Shouts of applause 
greeted the bull-fighters. Yells saluted the great bull as he rushed in. The game was 
a risky one for life or death. Deeds of audacity were met with idolatrous cheers, the 
timid with desolating laughter. All of a sudden a coloured form is tossed into the air. 
A single scream from a thousand throats. — “Is he dead?” “No?!” A sigh of relief. — 
“Go on!” — The condemned bull is mad with rage, his opponent cold as steel. He 
wields the mortal instrument, the sword flashes, and a hurricane of applause bursts forth 
for the victor and his tottering victim. White handherchiefs flutter from every seat like 
pigeons. Hats are waved, a shower of flowers descends, and the féted hero returns 
thanks, nonchalent and proud. — The trumpets blare and a new fight begins (125, 126). 


Crossing the Picos de Europa. — Masses of high mountains with peaks 
about 2700 metres high rises among the Asturian Cantabrian coast range. They bear 
the proud name of Picos de Europa (The Peaks of Europe). They are the Dolomites 
of Spain. But they exceed these considerably in inaccessability. 

Tourist facilities in Spain are of a very primitive nature. For this reason there are 
no shelter huts for mountaineers in the Picos de Europa, and there are likewise no trained 
guides. There are it is true some game-keepers. Shepherds and miners acquainted with 
individual parts of the mountains act once in a while as guides. 

| had been at the gateway of the Picos de Europa when at Covadongo the cele- 
brated place of pilgrimage. Since then the desire had never left me to become 
acquainted with this demure mountain beauty so alluring and yet so stand-offish in her 
loneliness. Thus | started for the mountains. 

My path led me from Unquera through the Deva valley to Potes at the foot of 
the Picos. | very soon noticed that my task would be no easy one, for shortly after 
leaving Panes the track winds through a mighty and deep valley known as the Desfiladero 
de la Hermida. My reception was not a friendly one. The rocky guardian of the valley 
looked down and frowned at me, and the sky treated me at intervals to a cold 
shower-bath. 

In Potes the clouds were low down on the mountain sides on which | was going to 
test my prowess the next day. But | was so enchanted with the spot, that | willingly 
renounced the view for that day. 

The little town is a very ancient spot. It must once have been the seat of many a 
knightly family. This is attested to by the various Spanish coats of arms on the houses. 
But those times are now no more. Where once Spanish grandees strutted by with 
buckled shoes and sword, clodhopping peasants plod along. And the present generation 
is hardly aware of the plentitude of beauty surrounding it. Bold bridges span the glen. 
Narrow collonades with overhanging balconies cling to the steep river bank. A multitude 
of archways offer innumerable enchanting glimpses. A high watch-tower guards the 
houses clustering at its base. 

Before the sun had rissen on the morrow | had sed out. Dark and dismal-looking 
clouds hung low over the landscape. But the Picos pinnacles had rent them asunder, 
and suddenly they stood forth in the glory of the rising sun. Dark night lay behind me 
as | marched towards the sunlight. 


XVII 


My guide met me by arrangement at Espinama. He was a grey-headed man with 
weather-beaten face and smiling eyes. His feet were clad in leather sandals, and under 
his arm was an ancient umbrella. We soon discussed the itinerary, filled our rucksacks 
and started for the Puerto de Aliva. The old song came back to me: — 

The sun on my way 

In his golden aray 

ls my fellow and guide. 
He casts my shadow 
O’er flowery meadow. 
l wander world-wide. 

As we passed on our way, the houses of the village became smaller and smaller. 
We soon left the last tree behind, and our path led over sweet green slopes, till they too 
were lost under the stony debris of rocky giants. There was a hunting-lodge close to 
the foot of the Pefa vieja cliff which the king of Spain visits nearly every year when 
chamois hunting. 

The day drew slowly to its end. Great streamers curled round the Peja vieja, pale 
shadows floated by like silver grey cobwebs, and the mist rose and fell with every breath 
of wind. The billowing fog had already wrapped us in its mighty veil when we reached 
the miners’ inn at Lloroza. An overseer invited us to spend the night there. And we 
were right glad to find shelter, in spite of the fact that both the hut and its furniture 
looked like the first attempts of primitive man to scale the ladder of civilization. The 
night we spent on the hard ground was not a very restful one, and we were glad when 
the approach of day called us from our layer. 

When we left the hut a surprising spectacle met our eyes. The fog which had 
deprived us of any possibility of obtaining a view the evening before now lay at our 
feet in the valley. The summits of the mountain rose like islands in the sea of mist. 

The moment had arrived when day struggled with night for predominance. The 
full-moon’s silver disc hung in the deep blue of the western sky, and the morning star 
held its own for a while against the rising light in the east. At last both moon and star. 
turned to pale glass when the sun sent forth his herald rays. The horizon was tinged 
with pink; long red streamers fluttered from the windows of heaven to greet us, and then 
the sun rose above the misty expanse, gilded the crests, flooded the eastern pinnacles 
with the glory of his light, and glowed on the rocky wall to which our hut clung. 
O wonderful silence of that hour! 

“A new day beckons us to other shores.” 

For yet a short distance the beaten path used by the king when stalking showed us 
the way. Then we bent our steps over pathless boulders, sharp edged rocks, mounds of 
debris, snow-fields strewn among the stony desert with its jagged rock walls and towers. 

Whole herds of chamois stared in astonishment at the strange intruders in their 
paradise. For the rest, they showed little inclination to run away. The mountain fast- 
ness became progressively more barren and wild in its aspect. An infinitely dismal - 
mood seemed to brood o’er the scene. Yet the magnificence of these mountains aug- 
mented from minute to minute. Grotesque stone giants — cast in burning ore by the 
furnace of high heaven — stood guarding this great grave of nature. 

Woe to the wanderer whose ignorant footsteps err here} Death lies in ambush in 
the deep crevices and chasms. 

At last we halted in front of the monarch of the magnificent mountain empire. 
His throne stands high in everlasting snow; a golden crown is on his head. His picture 
is known to all from the most distant mountain valley to the shores of the restless ocean. 
All admire his beauty, all know his name: Naranjo de Balnes. 


XVIll 


This huge rock colossus rises 600 metres over its surroundings. Its perpendicular 
walls show hardly a crevice. And it seems incredible that nevertheless that bold moun- 
taineer the Marqués de Villaviciosa de Asturia climbed to its summit. 

On our wanderings round this mighty and stubborn rock tower we seemed to be 
lightened of all earthly burdens high up there in the solitude above the depths of humanity. 

We climbed up to the Ceredo tower. The rocks were as sharp as knives. Again 
the ghostly mist rose from the valleys and whirled spectrally around us. 

It was 5 o'clock and the Cares valley with Cain to where our steps were directed 
were not yet in sight. — | asked my companion: “How far yet?’ “A few hours more” 
was the not very consoling reply. — The mist, that enemy of mountaineers was getting 
thicker. And ere long we could not see twenty paces ahead. The feeling of insecurity 
grew apace. And the sensation of climbing with mist-bound eyes was terrible. Again 
| questioned my guide. ‘Severo, is there no hut or shelter on the way?” — “1 don't 
think so.” Once more long minutes of silent groping. At last we were, at any rate for 
a while, rid of the stony region. Here and there a rocky projection, but it was quite 
impossible to tell if we were not suspended on it hundreds of meters over a yawning 
abyss. lt was impossible to see anything through that fog. And at a quarter past six it 
was pitch dark. 

Suddenly we came across a few low rough huts of unhewn stone huts sheltered by 
a rock-wall. There at last we could spend the night. But my guide wanted to go on. 
“Stop!” | cried. “(Can we get to Cain to night?” — “I don’t know.” “Well then we'll 
stay here!” Suiting the action to the word, we crept into one of the huts, crouched 
down, and slept fitfully through ten endless hours of night. But even they passed. The 
morning meant a dangerous and nasty descent. We waded knee-deep in wet grass, 
clambered over ledges with fog all around us. Woe to us had we slipped! Then we 
got lost and had to stop and climb back with the greatest care. Then we slid down a 
stony gully in which nearly every step set rocks thundering to the depths below. 

At last the moist grey mist began to lift. A rift showed the bed of the valley far 
beneath us, and, as we thought, houses. But no, we were mistaken. They were huge 
boulders, the wreckage of some avalanche that filled the upper hollow. Down and down 
we scrambled till finally we broke through the foggy screen. Our goal was at our feet. 
Cain, strangely walled in by precipitous rocky cliffs rising sheer 1500 metres high. We 
were there! And we could rest. Some bread and butter was all we could find in the 
whole village to appease our hunger. We would gladly have rested there a day, but the 
place was too inhospitable. We had therefore to shoulder our rucksacks again. The 
distance we had climbed down the day before, we had to climb up again on the 
opposite rocks of the Pefa santa. Hours and hours of strenuous efforts passed till we 
reached the ridge. We re-descended valleywards in a drizzling rain. Lake Enol was 
the last spot of beauty to be hidden from our view. It was there we struck the main 
road, and then marched another 10 kilometres down to Covadonga which we reached 
as tired as dogs. 

Night had already cast her shadow over the valley, and the stars were beginning 
to shine forth. Welcoming lights were seen burning in Covadonga. But is seemed 
as though we should never reach them. However the prospect of a bed lent us strength, 
and at half past eight we stumbled painfully over the threshold of a clean hospitable 
house. | went to bed exhausted, and my restless dreams were haunted with the beautiful 
and terrible wanderings in the Picos de Europa (266—274). 


XIX 


My pilgrimage to the Yuste Convent (153). — | left soon after midnight, for 
marching is delightful in southern nights when the glittering stars shed their soft light 
from the great vault of heaven. In the south the cool night is succeeded by summer 
days that are the misery of the pedestrian. — The hours melted by but slowly in the 
furnace heat of the day. | was beset with all possible ills: infernal heat, thirst, and no 
water. Not a tree or a shrub was to be seen for miles; no shade; hours without passing 
a house; not a soul abroad; the melancholy mood that comes in the train of solitude. 
My path was obstructed by a river — at any rate, water — but nary a bridge! So | had 
to wade, and continue my journey. At last | spied a shepherd. What joy to feel that 
| was no longer alone} 

“ls this the right road to Yuste?” | enquired of him. — ‘Yes, but where doest thou 
come from, and what countryman art thou?” The good fellow addressed me with the 
fraternal tutoyer, as though we were brothers. 

When he heard that | was a German he was quite surprised. He willingly agreed 
to accompany me to the next village, and was quite curious to hear something about 
my country.-The news of the war had penetrated to this remote part of the world. It 
was charming to listen to the questions of this child of nature. He knew nothing of the 
three Rs; had never seen a railway, had never left the neighbourhood of his village. 
We soon met another shepherd on the mountain-side who was just as pleased and 
interested as the other. And | must say, that wherever | was in Spain, all classes of the 
population were friendly towards Germans. 

It was not long before we encountered other wayfarers who joined us, for Sunday 
enticed them into the village. My entrance was therefore almost a triumphal procession. 
We entered the inn, ordered some wine, and sat down to a well-earned rest. When 
| wanted to pay the landlord, he refused, telling me that Pepa had settled the bill. 
However, this wouldn’t do. And at last he agreed to my paying on condition that the 
next time | returned | should be his guest. They all shook hands with me most heartily 
and | continued joyfully on my way. 

At last | stood in front of the monastery gates. They were opened, and the white 
haired abbot rode out on a little donkey, holding a green parasol over his head. | saluted 
the venerable Father and enquired of him whether | could stay at the monastery for the 
night. “No”, he replied, “impossible.” — Discomfited | exclaimed: “But where am | to 
go to-day? | have travelled fifty kilometres and have come from Navalmoral.” — 
“What, on foot? Impossible)’ “Yes, but | have. | am a German and want to see the spot 
which the emperor Charles V. exchanged for all the crowns in the world, and where 
he closed his eyes.”” — “You are aGerman? Of course you can’t continue your journey.” 

| was most kindly and touchingly taken care of. 

| was shown the monastery which had once been destroyed by the French. Decey 
and mould have continued the work of destruction. But nature’s eternal youth triumphs 
victoriously amongst the ruins and beautifies the decay of age. And yet this is a place to 
think about the everlastingness of all things, of the end of all terrestial happiness. — Once 
that great monarch who had fled from the turmoil of the world had paced these halls. 

At supper, |, the infidel sat at the monks’ board and was treated like a brother. 

The next morning | was awakened long hours before sunrise. A lay brother lit me 
with a lantern through the dark and ancient park. The monastery gate swung on tts 
hinges, the latch fell heavily, and | was again out in the world all silvery with the moon- 
light. For a moment | stood entranced. — | heard the mass bell calling the monks to 
prayers. And the gates of Paradise were closed behind me. 


XX 


The last echoes. — My wanderings through Spain filled me with the joy of 

life. She had become my second home. It was with a heavy heart that | left. 
“O follow me ye southern days 
‘Neath colder skies and paler stars. 
And fill my thoughts with golden rays)” 

The hour of departure had arrived. — It was a wonderful moonlight night in which 
the little Spanish steamer which was to besr me homewards sailed slowly out of Ferrol 
harbour. The moon cast a silver bridge over the water, and along it my thoughts fled 
back to other moonlight nights when she had often shown me the way in picturesque Spain. 

The lights along the coast shone like the eyes of anxious friends looking a last fare- 
well before darkness closed their lids. And then the little ship ploughed homeward 
through the eternal waters with the eternal sky above us, and the old old song of the 
waves accompanied me back to my familiar home. 


And now that days and weeks of cloudy skies hang heavily over my country where 
the sun is not so generous as in southern climes, my heart is filled with yearning for Spain, 
with nostalgia for the sun. — Then | look at my pictures, and we hold converse together, 
and re-live those unfettered days spent in wanderings in sun-kissed Spain. 

In this volume | send forth my sun harvest. May it cast its light in the hearts of 
many! May it tell of my love of Spain, and of my heartfelt thanks to her chivalrous 
people for all their kind hospitality! 


XX] 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF NAMES AND PEAGES 


Albarracin 192—194 
Albufera 116 

Alcala de Guadaira 71 
Aldeanueva de la Vera 154 
Algatocin 76 

Alhambra 1—16, 22 
Almazan 227 

Alquezar 210—212 

Andujar 44, 115 

Antequera 64—66 
Aranjuez 136—138 

Arcos de la Frontera 48, 49, 72 
Arranda de Duero 240 
Autol 224, 225 

Avila 165—169 


Barcelona 200 
Batuecas 260, 261, 263 
Bielsa 213 

Bilbao 284 

Burgo de Osma 226 
Burgos 234—238 
Butron 277 
Brachimafiasee 216 


Caceres 83, 84 
Candelario 252, 253 
Cangas de Onis 274 
Carmona 43, 70 
Castellbé 208 
Castellfullit 204 

Cave Dwellings 92—99 
Cenaruza 282 

Cepeda 155 

Chorro 73 

Ciudad Rodrigo 250, 251 
Coca 184—187 
Cordoba 50—60 
Cuenca 120, 121 


Daroca 195—197 
Debotes Valley 207 
Durango 279, 283 


Ecija 68, 69 


Elché 101—103 
Elorrio 285 
Escorial 129—135 


Fuenterabia 298 


Gerona 202, 203 
Granada 1—25 
Guadalajara 178—181 
Guadalest 118 
Guadix 100 
Giiejar-Sierra 77 


Hermida 266 
Hurdes 259 


Jativa 111—113 

Javea 108 

Jerez de la Frontera 67 
Jerica 191 


La Alberca 254, 256, 257 
Lagartera 150, 151 


Madrid 126—128 
Maladeta 219 
Mafiaria 278 
Manzanera 42 
Martos 74, 75 
Medinaceli 176, 177 
Mochagar 91 
Mogarraz 258 
Mombeltran 183 
Monte Agudo 119 
Montserrat 201 


Niebla 80, 81 
Nuria 206 


Ondarrao 276 
Orihuela 104—107 
Oviedo 264, 265 


Pancorbo 231—233 


XXII 


Pasages 291—296, 304 
Pefiafiel 182 

Pefia Montafiesa 214 

Pic de Aneto 217, 218 
Pic du midi 216 

Picos de Europa 266—274 
Pontevedra 301 

Potes 270—273 

Pyrenees 205—219 


Ronda 62, 63 


Sagunt 109, 110 

Salamanca 246—249 

San Esteban de Gormaz 229, 230 
San Juan de Plan 209 

San Sebastian 286—299 
Santander 275 

Santiago de Campostela 300 
Sarragoza 220, 221 

Segovia 157—164 

Segretal 205 

Sepulveda 172—175 

Seville 28—41 

Sierra Nevada 79 

Sigiienza 188—190 

Soria 228 


Tarifa 45, 46 
Tarazona 223 
Tarragona 198, 199 
Toledo 139—148 
Toro 244 

Trujillo 85—87 
Turrégano 170, 171 


Valencia 114, 117 
Valladolid 241—243 
Vigo 303 

Vuste 153 


Zafra 82 
Zamora 245 


Towns: 2, 4, 16, 21, 28, 62—64, 72, 74, 80, 91—99, 120, 128, 139, 157, 166, 172, 191, 192, 
Po see2 eet 21.4 225, 220,°227,0202, 240, 2/6, 250, 25/, 290, 295, 

Gateways, Towers, Fortified Walls: 5, 29, 75, 80, 81, 85—87, 143, 167—169, 186-188, 
193, 196. 

Streets, Squares: 24, 25, 31, 60, 65, 66, 75—77, 83, 85, 86, 147, 148, 154, 155, 163, 170, 
ge sal deel Ore Oo LU 95597 198. 205,208, 209 211—215, 251—253, 247, 251, 
253, 270—273, 278, 295, 296. 

Churches, Convents, Chapels, Cemeteries, etc.: 23, 31, 41, 50—59, 66, 67, 86, 108, 
146, 147, 152, 153, 158, 164, 165, 169, 177, 199, 220, 221, 228, 229, 234—241, 244—246, 
260—262, 264, 265, 282—285, 300. 

Squares, Public Buildings, Typical Houses: 6—15, 17—21, 30, 32, 33, 36—40, 68, 69, 
114, 116, 117, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 134—137, 144, 162, 178—181, 250, 279, 280, 298. 

Courts (Patios) and Gardens: 6—8, 12—15, 17, 34, 35, 37, 40, 42—49, 58, 69, 82, 90, 131, 
138, 145, 179-181, 200, 238, 242, 243, 249, 298. 

Stairways, Lattice Windows: 39, 68, 115, 144, 200, 203, 248. 

Fountains: 9, 12—15, 20, 37, 49, 60, 197, 232. 

Bridges: 63, 140—143, 268, 270, 274, 276. 

Castles (Castillos): 1—5, 22, 70, 71, 110—112, 118, 119, 141, 161, 170, 171, 182—186, 277. 

Views of Landscapes: 2-4, 21, 62, 63, 72, 73, 79, 88, 92—99, 101—107, 113, 116, 194, 
201, 204—207, 214—219, 224, 225, 230, 260, 263, 266—269, 274, 275, 286—289, 291, 292, 
294, 299, 301—304. 


Costumes and Life of the People: 26, 27, 61, 78, 84, 90, 122—125, 149, 150, 151, 155, 
156, 160, 174, 175, 222, 252, 254—259, 262, 281, 296, 297. 


XXIill 


Granada-Alhambra 


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Granada-Alhambra 


Granada 


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AlhambratUrme 


Les tours de Il'Alhambra Torres de la Alhambra 


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Granada-Alhambra 


La corte dei mirti 


The Myrtle Court 


Myrtenhof 


Patio de los Arrayanes 


La cour des myrtes 


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Granada-Alhambra 


La corte dei mirti 


The Myrtle Court 


Myrtenhof 


Patio de los Arrayanes 


La cour des myrtes 


Granada-Alhambra 


La corte dei ieonl 


The Court of the Lions 


L6éwenhof 


Patio de los Leones 


La’ cour des Lions 


Granada-Alhambra 


La fontana del leoni nella Corte omonima 


The Lion Fountain in the Court of the Lions 


Der Léwenbrunnen im Loéwenhof 


La fuente en el patio de los Leones 


La fontaine avec \le bassin dans la cour des Lions 


; tenes 


a ead 


maser hee 


Granada-Alhambra 


Court of Justice : La sala della Giustizia 
Gerichtshalle 


La salle de Justice Sala de la Justicia 


10 


Granada-Alhambra 


i! padiglione di Daraxa 


Bay Windows of the Daraxa 


Erker der Daraxa 


Mirador de Daraxa 


Le pavillon de la Daraxa 


1 


4 
1% Kiley iam 


Granada-Ainambra 


The Daraxa Court ii giardino di Daraxa 


Gartenhof der Daraxa 


Un coin du jardin de la Daraxa Patio de Daraxa 


12 


Granada-Alhambra 


The Daraxa Court i! glardino di Daraxa 
Gartenhof der Daraxa 


Un coin du jardin de la Daraxa Patio de Daraxa 


13 


Alhambra 


Granada- 


il giardino di Daraxa 


In the Daraxa Garden 


Im Garten der Daraxa 


Patio de Daraxa 


Dans le jardin de la Daraxa 


14 


Granada-Alhambra 


il cortile del cilpressi 


The Cypress Court 


Zypressenhof 


Patio de los cypreses 


La cour des cyprés 


15 


Granada- Alhambra 


View of the Albalcin from the Queens Boudoir Veduta di Albalcin presa dalla spogllatols della regina 
Blick aus dem Putzzimmer der Kénigin nach dem Albaicin 


Vue sur l'Albalcin, prise du boudoir de la reine Vista desde el Peinador de la Reina sobre el Albalcin 


16 


Granada 


Palazzo de! Generalife 


Palace of the Generalife 


eneralifepalast 


G 


Palacio del Generalife 


Palais de Généralife 


aA 


Granada 


Entrance-Hall of the Generailife Ingresso nel Generalife 
Eintrittshalle im Generalife 


Entrée du Généralife Entrada de! Generalife 


18 


RETURN 
~ 


Granada 


Colonnato nel Generalife 


Colonnade in the Generalife 


Sadulenhalle Im Generalife 


En el Generalife 


Colonnade dans le Généralife 


19 


Granada 


in the Garden of the Generalife Giardino del Generalife 


Generalifegarten 


Un jardin du Généralife En el Jardin del Generalife 


20 


21 


Granada 


Veduta di Albaicin da un giardino de! Ganeralife 


View from one of the Generalife Gardens on the Albaicin 


Blick aus einem Generalifegartchen nach dem Albaicin 


Vista desde un jardincito de! Generalife sabre el Albaicin 


Vue sur |'Albaicin, prise d'un jardin du Généralife 


Granada 


View of Alhambra from the Outlook Tower Veduta dell'Aihambra dalla torre 
of the Generalife ‘del Generalife 


Blick aus dem Aussichtsturm des Generallfe auf dle Alhambra 


Vue sur l'Alhambra, prise du belvedére Vista desde e! Mirador del Generalife 
du Généralife sobre la Alhambra 


S We es 


ELLIO oS, 


CL + 


= a & 


OM. aC Z - 
Abe o< 


Lyre core 


i. 8S te we = 


res 
oe 


Granada 


Cristo 


Capella Reale - Nel cancello é raffigurata 
la passione di 


Cattedrale 


The Chathedral - The Royal Chapel-in the Railing 
the Passion 


Kathedrale - Capilla real-im Gitter die Leldensgeschichte Christi 


A la Cathedrale-La Chapelle royale. 


En la reja la Pasién 


de Jesucristo 


La Catedral -Capilla real - 


Au haut de la 


grille sont représentées les scénes de la Passion de 
Jésus-Christ 


23 


Granada 


Street on the Darro Calle del Darro 


StraGBe am Darro 


Rue longeant le Darro Calle delle Darro 


24 


Granada 


In the Albaicin Nell'Albacine 


Im Albaicin 


L'Albacin En el Albaicin 


25 


Zingara danzante 


Gypsy dancing 


Tanzende Zigeunerin 


Gitana ballando 


Danseuse Gitane 


26 


Con Ia chitarra 


Playing the Gultar 


Mit der Laute 


Con ta guitarra 


Une Joueuse de guitare 


ere 


Sevilla 
General View of the Town from the Giralda Tower Veduta dalla citta dalla torre (la Giralda) 
of the Cathedral della Cattedrale 


Blick vom Turm der Kathedrale (der Giralda) Uber die Stadt 


Vue générale, prise de la Giralda (tour de la catnédrale) Vista general, tomada desde la Giralda 


28 


Sevilla 


The Golden Tower and the Cathedral La torre dell’ora e la Cattedrale 
Der Goldturm und die Kathedrale 


La tour d'or et la cathédrale La torre de Oro y la Catedral 


29 


Eps 
H n 
i 
f 
tr 
ff 
} 


eg ONE a SPV 
eA me 


Sevilla 


Detalls of the City-Hall Facade 


Dettaglio della facciata del Municipio 


Telistuck der Rathausfassade 


Détail de la facade de I'hdtel de ville 


30 


Detaile de la fachada del Ayuntamiento 


Sevilla 


The Giralda (Cathedral Tower) La Giralda (la torre della Cattedrale) 
Die Giralda (Turm der Kathedrale) 


La Giralda (Tour de la cathédrale) La Giralda 


31 


i" 


> 


'p 


ae 


ot tet te inetemalnns Sou Coane te, 


nAdadedaaedaa 
14addedaa, ry 


sorcpienemabsiemees 


Sevilla-Alcazar 
The Ambassadors Hall La Sala degli Ambasclatori 
Gesandtensaal 


Salle des ambassadeurs Sala de Embajadores 


0) 
N 


(My) 


j 
af, 


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43 


A 


PUA EN AUAR VARS AREA 


Hing 


rery 


a 


BR) 


Bas 2 


Sevilla-Alcazar 


La corte delle bambols 


The Doils' Court 


Puppenhof 


Patio de las Mufiecas 


La cour des poupées 


33 


Sevilla 


Ne! giardino delfAlcazar 


In the Alcazar Garden 


Im Alcazargarten 


En ei jardin del Aicazar 


Au jardin de l'Aicazar 


34 


Sevilla 


Nel! giardino dell'Alcdzar 


In the Alcazar Garden 


Im Alcazargarten 


En ei jardin de! Alcazar 


Au jardin de Alcazar 


35 


Sevilla 


La Casa di Pilato 


Pilate's House 


Pilatushaus 


Casa de Pilato 


La malson dé Pilate 


36 


O}eIigd FP eSBD B| Sp ORed 


SWOD ‘Cid IP BSBD BF] 


SNBYSNIIq Wi JOH 


BIWASS 


Siig EP UOSjew ej SP SINEWgYjU) ANOD 
' ~ 


SSNOW S.e}EligG Ul) NCD 


Si 


Court Gates, Pilate’s House 


Entrée de la cour de la maison de Pilate 


I. br 


2 
v0 


ia 
ASS 


’ Sane 
are NW 


~EE 

Nw 
ian 
ys 
a 


>» of, " 


& 


# 


i 


ey 


1 


ys 


Sevilla 
Porta di accesso aila Corte della Casa di Pilato 
Tur zum Hof des Pilatushauses 


Portada de la Casa de Pilato 


38 


Se 
Be SN, Aer NO eS 


= 


mine 5 Ra ta 


Sevilla , 
Pilate’s House-Grille Casa di Pilato. Finestra con grata 
Pilatushaus -Fenstergitter 


Fenétre grillée de la maison de Pilate Casa de Pilato-Reja 


39 


Sevilla 


Court In Duke Alba's Palace La corte nel Cortile del Duca d'Alba. 
Hof im Palast des Herzogs Alba 


Cour Intérieure du palais du duc d‘Albe Patio en el palacio del duque de Alba 


40 


4 


Sevilla 


i Convento di Santa Paola 


St. Paul's Convent 


Kloster Sta. Paula 


Convento de Sta. Paula 


Couvent de Sainte Paule 


} 
: 


netianiadbdmmetimidiecns ammenter nie nemenmenee 


A Manzanera 


In Manzanera 


In Manzanera 


En Manzanera 


Dans la Manzanera 


42 


Court in Carmona |) cortile in una casa di Carmona 


Hof in Carmona 


Une cour de maison a Carmona Patlo en Carmona 


43 


Andujar 


il cortile in una casa di 


jar 


Court in And& 


Hof in Andujar 


Patio en Andujar 


Une cour de maison a Andujar 


ae 


Court in Tarifa | cortile in una casa di Tarifa 
Hof in Tarifa 


Une cour de maison a Tarifa Patio en Tarifa 


45 


Court in Tarifa il cortile in una casa di Tarifa 


Hof in Tarifa 


Une cour de maison a Tarifa Patio en Tarifa 


46 


Court in Vejer 


tl cortile in una casa di Vejer 


Hof in Vejer 


Patio en Vejer 


Une cour de maison a Vejer 


ll cortile in una casa di Arcos de la Frontera 


Court In Arcos de la Frontera 


Hof in Arcos de la Frontera 


Patio en Arcos de la Frontera 


Une cour de maison a Arcos de la Frontera 


48 


BsJSJUOIY S| EP SOdIJYW US OFeY 


BiS}JUOI eB] ep SOSIY eB eSeS BUN IP ej)YOO |} 


ByejUOI S| EP SOSIYV Ul JOH 


BISJUCIY S| EP SOSIY & UOS;eElWW ep INOS BUA 


BIS}JUOIY B| SP SOSIY U!] YNoOD 


49 


BINDZE-W BP] ep epeyoey 


RPEeYyoSO- Bep BIeIOOeZ 


eseussoW Joep epessey 


eqopi0D 


ne SP 


age ore 


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enbsoy~-; eu} JO epeoey 


5O 


Bynbzewy eB] us seuWN|OD 


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esyosoy wep PIeMUEeINeS 


eBqops0oD 


Seenbsouw ke] Sp ineejzwy,| 2 SEUUDIODS sep sSIjJINO} eq 


enbsoyw eu} UU} SULUM|OD 


S51 


Cordoba 


Mihrab Mosque -tHoly of Holies) La Moschea: Mihrab (santuario) 
Moschee - Mihrab (Allerheiligstes) 


La Mosquée: le Mihrab (sanctuaire) Mezquita - Mihrab 


Ol 
NO 


Cordoba 


Interior of the Mosque ‘interno della Moschea 
Moschee-Inneres 


Iintéricur de la mosquée En la Mezquita 


Ol 
@) 


B 


s 


cA 


wey 


“4 a (aE 


i AYA AY 


if, 


Cordoba 


Mosque - View of the High Altar 


La Moschea: veduta dell‘altar magglore 


Moschea - Blick zum Hochaltar 


Mezquita - Vista del altar mayor 


La Mosquée: vue du maitre-aute!l 


54 


RAIN: 


REE 


wage 


ee 


et eran 


4 4 


ate 


& 


padi tant se 


Cordoba 


La Moschea: veduta dei Coro 


Mosque - View from the Choir 


Blick aus dem Choreinbau 


Moschee - 


Mezquita - Vista desde el Coro 


La Mosquée yue du choeur 


SS 


ee 


\ 


a8 


= 


SS 


Vet) 
+, 


r) as 
MESS (re 
HOF 5 


Cordoba 
Mosque - Capilla de St. Fernando La Moschea: Cappella di S. Ferdinando 
Moschee - Capilla S. Fernando 


La Mosquée: chapelle de Saint Ferdinand 


Mezquita - Capilla de S. Fernando 


| 


PTE RIAL TT AGH ITE T 


XA PARANA AAS 
CG 
PILIRGILSF 


Cordoba 


Mosque - Capilla de St. Fernando La Moschea: Cappella di S, Ferdinando 


Moschee - Capilla S. Fernando 


La Mosquée;: chapelle de Saint Ferdinand Mezquita - Capilla de S. Fernando 


Sil! 


Cordoba 


La Moschea: La corte degli arancl 


Mosque - The Court of Oranges 


Moschee - Orangenhof 


Mezqulita - Patio de fla Naranjas 


La Mosquée: cour des orangers 


tar 


Cordoba 


Eremo 


Hermitage 


Einsiedel 


Ermita 


L'Ermitage 


eyueny 


euP}UCY 


ueuunsg 


eqOpsoD 


eUJe}UO} EU 


uyeyuNnoy 


60 


efed sweBued eied o11eD 


ey6ed eyjop oyodse4j |] Jod eyVoues CUM 


YONS sy USsey) 


eed eB] ep WOdsue. S| uNOd SsyesseYUS SUA 


WeD MEWS 


61 


ere 


Ronda 


62 


’ Ronda 


63 


eusnbejuy 


64 


65 


Antequera — Plaza S. Sebastian 


Antequera 


Chapel of the Virgin of Suecour Cappella della Madonna del Buon soccorso 
Kapelle der hilfespendenden Jungfrau 


Chapelle de Notre-Dame de Bon Secours Capilla de la Virgen del Socorro 


66 


“ 2 ‘ “ 
BEE th Peper Hs; 
CHER GERRI 
q 


Jerez de la Frontera 


Cartuja — Cypress Court Cartuja: Il cortile dei cipressi 


Cartuja — Zypressenhof 


CartujJaz la cour des cyprés Cartuja — Patio de los cipreses 


67 


Ecija 


Court in the Marquis of Pefaflor's Palace La Corte nell palazzo del Marchese de Pefiaflor 
Hof im Palast des Marqués de Pefaflior 


Cour intérieure du palais du marquls de Pefaflor Patio en el palacio del Marqués de Pefiafior 


66 


i 
E. 
i 
i 
. 
ki 


Staircase in the Marquis of Pefafior's Palace 


Scala nel palazzo del Marchese de Pefiafior 
Treppenaufgang im Palast des Marqués de Pefiaflor 


Cage d'escalier au palais du marquis de Pefaflor 


x 


‘ 


Escalera en el palacio del Marqués de Pefaflor 


63 


Carmona — Castillo 


70 


Alcala de Guadaira — Castillo 


Wha 


ae 
Ine 


MW 


Arcos de la Frontera 


T2 


Chorro 


‘= 


73 


Martos 


74 


Martos 


TS 


Algatocin 


US 


Guejar — Sierra (Sierra Nevada) 


GT 


é e)) Pt) 


NRE ER TTA en 


In a Wayside inn (Sierra Nevada) In una trattoria. Sierra Nevada 
In einer Wegschenke (Sierra Nevada) 


Intériewre d'une posada (auberge) dé la Sierra Nevada En una posada (Sierra Nevada) 


78 


BPRAGN eB1eIS eB] UD 


199987 ‘BPRASN eBiusIS BIEN 


Cusyoieujs}s) BPPeASY essels sep UI 


BPRABN PiUdIS Be] SUBP SO4IANOI SeUBUD 


(HPO WICH) BPRASN e4481G 94} UI 


T9 


Niebla 


80 


Niebla 


81 


Zafra 


Court In St. Miguel's Hospital Ospedale di S. Michele. |i cortile 
Hof im Hospital S. Miguel 


Cour de Ihopital Saint-Micke! Patio en el hospital de S, Migue! 


Caceres 


83 


Caceres 


Water - Carriers Portatrici d'acqua 


Wassertragerinnen 


Porteuses d'eau Mujeres con jarros de agua 


84 


85 


Trujillo 


La piazza principale 


Chief Square 


Hauptplatz 


Plaza mayor 


La grande place 


2 
by 
%. 
f 
rE 


=a 


Trujillo 


La porta di Santlago 


Santiago Gate 


Santiagotor 


Puerta de Santiago 


La porte Saint-Jacques 


86 


| 


Trujillo 


Un’‘antica porta della citta 


Sid Town- Gate 


Aites Stadttor 


uerta antiqua 


=) 
i 


Vieille porte d'entrée 


87 


SINPeWSsjsy Sp ins je Ue ejonYepiy 


S/BUOIP|IEW Sunpewiesjsy jou PUUedeDS ip O/BeII/A 


BINPeBWe13Sy-PNS U} OR 


S(euC|PjieLW SunpeWesjsy,| ep SB6eI|A UN 


BINpeWSssjsy UINOS u SebejiA 


88 


(euanpewesdjsg Sp uns je ue) e}USA 


(S;BPUCIPUeLY B4unNpeWeIjsy) B98}sO 


(eunpewesjsag-Ppns) exUueUsS 


Se/eucipjjew 


NS,| SUBP SYSEANG eUun 


(B4NPeBWSesjSsy YINCS) UU} 


89 


istian persuasion who Una donna cristiana che va ancor oggi 


still wear the veil in Mochagar-Vejer velata all'uso marocchino 
ne der noch heut maurisch verschleiert gehenden Christenfrauen in Mochagar -Vejer 
Jne des femmes chrétiennes qui vont encore voilées Mujer en Mochagar-Vejer ilevando la 


4i COMme au temps des Maures d'Espagne cara tapada como las marroquinas 


90 


JeBeyoo;, 


91 


Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria). None of the Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d'Almeria). Tutte le 
caves shown in this book are prehistoric. They are caverne riprodotte in quest’opera non sono di for- 
still escavated and inhabited mazione preistorica, ma si contina a scavarle anche 

al giorno d'oggi 


Hohlenfels (Prov. Almeria). Alle in diesem Werk wiedergegebenen Hdhlien 
sind nicht vorgeschichtlich; sie werden noch jetzt gegraben und bewohnt 


Cavernes dans le roc (Province d’'Aimeria). Toutes ces Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almeria) 
cavernes ne sont pas des formations préhistoriques; on 
en creuse maintenant encore pour les habiter 


92 


(R\WeW)Y SP ‘AC1Y) SeD01 se] US SeASND 


(BYSUY,P BIOUJACIY) B}D504 BJeU GUIeARD 


(BYeUTY ‘AC1d) sjeyus|UeH 


(BJYSWY,P SOUJACIY) 904 Be SUBP S@UISARD 


(RBYWeUUlYy JO SDUIACIG) SHuI!lemg eAeD 


93 


Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria) Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d‘Almeria) 


Hodhlenfels (Prov. Almeria) 


Cavernes dans le roc (Province d'Almeria) Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almeria) 


94 


ae 


oe. 
pa 
Pee 


te 
if 


Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria) Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d‘'Almeria) 
Hdhlenfels (Prov. Almeria) 


Cavernes dans le roc (Province d'Almeria) Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almeria) 


Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix) The chimneys of Una citta di caverne (Sierra de Guadix). Si vedono 
the dwellings are seen projecting out of the rocks sorgere dal suolo | caminl! delle caverne 


Hohlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix) Aus der Erde ragen die Schornsteine der Wohnhaduser hervor 


Une ville souterraine (Sierra de Guadix) On ne voit Problaciédn de cuevas (Sierra de Guadix) Se ven las 
surgir de terre que les cheminées des habitations chimeneas de las cuevas, saliendo de tierra 


96 


: 
‘S 


(XIPBND Sp Bis9IS) SEASND Ep UgIDRIGoOY 


(X|PEND Sp eS4i4a!S) PUISASD |P BYIO 


(XIPEND ep e1se\S) 


IPEISUS/UOH 


(XIPEND ep esis) SSUlSIISINOS SUO!}EVqQey 


(XIPEND Sp B14e/S) UMO] eAeD 


Q7 


KJDEND SP Bsidsis) SBAEND EP UgIDB\GoY 


(X|DEND SP BsisseIG) SUISALD IP BHID 


(XjPEND Sp B1is9IS) JPEPSUEIUQH 


(xipenD 


SOP BisisjS) SeusBsue}NOS SUOHSYGEH 


(XIPEBND Sp SsssiS) UMOL CARD 


) 2 S =) SINos oneyqe 
(XIPEND Sp eisejs) seureiseynos su Beyqeyy 
se ] r= oO1IDeiadoO 
(XIPBND sep B1ISIS) SPASND Sep UOJOeBIQ[od 


(XIPEND Sp SIeIS) BUIBAED IP BID 


(XIPBND ep B1ls9IS) UMOL BARD 


2 ci oieatiiinasi 


ye 


wy 
“pe 


adix 


Gu 


100 


In the Palm Forest of Elche 


Il palmizio di Elche 
Im Palmenwald von Elche 


Elche: aux milieu des palmiers Las palmeras de Elche 


In the Palm Forest of Elche (A datepicker Nel palmizio di Elche (Sulla palma unm uomo 
in the tree-top) che coglie datteri) 


Im Palmenwald von Elche (im Baumwipfel ein Dattelpficker) 


Elche: la récolte des dattes. (L'homme grimpé Las palmeras de Eiche 
au sommet du palmier en détachera Jes 
régimes de fruits) 


102 


Evening in the Palm Forest ' tramonto nel palmizio 


Abend im Palmenhain 


Effet de soir Cala la tarde 


ihuela 


Or 


104 


BjenuyloO 


105 


106 


pT eae 
VE Swen 
We 


a 
Song gta 


o> 


Orinuela 


Capanna 


Huerta Hut 


Huertahutte 


Barraca de la huert 


Barraque de la Huerta 


“ 
Sse flan 


eas 


- 
PER se IR aim SS 


= 


107 


Presso Orihuela 


Near Orihuela 


Bei Orihuela 


de Orihuela 


Cercanias 


Environs d'Orihuetae 


Javea (Denia) 


Church of Calvary La chiesetta del Calvario 


Kalvarienbergkirchlein 


L'église du calvaire Iglesia del calvaric 


j Fates Pom pcr Ee 


Gateway to the Mount of Calvary, Sagunt La porta del Calvario presso Sagunto 
Tor zum Kalvarienberg bel Sagunt 


Environ de Segoute: Accés et entrée du Calvalire Puerta del calvario de Sagunto 


109 


Sagunto, Roman Castle 


Castello romano 
Sagunt, Rémische Burg 


La citadelle romaine Sagunto, Castillo romance 


Jativa 


Castle Castello 
Burg 
. 
Le Chateau -fort Castilio 


m1 


Jativa 


View of the Castle Veduta del Castello 


Blick zur Burg 


Vue sur le Chateau -fort Vista del Castillo 


2 


Jativa 


On Mount Calvary | Calvario 


Am Kalvarienberg 


Le Calvaire El Calvario 


n3 


APRALSAAALAL ARDELL L A DARA Ra ( 
LOE OE AB I LC OEE 
~eor  e: 7 ; ; e ar, r 
i EE 
if 
r ¢ 


Gateway of the Marquis de Dos Aguas Palace 


Valencia 


Portale del Palazzo del Marchese de Dos Aguas 


Portal des Palastes des Marqés de Dos Aguas 


Portail du palais du marquis de Dos Aguas 


Portada del Palacio del Marqués de Dos Aguas 


114 


Siler, 


ey ety 1G, 


~~ 
ES, 


re NS 


~ Chat 


ae 


Ujar 


And 


Una finestra con grata 


Grille 


Fenstergitter 


Reja 


Fenétre grillée 


15 


BIDUBIE/A SP BO1ED BssjNqiv eB] ep seoBUeEg 


ezue|eA Osseid Bssjngiy ip euuedeD 


BIOUBIeA [eq USHNYeIEyNaQy 


eiejnaiy,| EP seueges :eouUB/eA SP SUOIAUD 


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N16 


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7 


Guadalest Castile (Prov. of Alicante) Castello di Guadalest (Provincia dl Alicante) 


Castillo Guadalest (Prov. Alicante) 


Chateau de Guadalest (Province d’Alicante) Castillo Guadalest (Prov. of Alicante) 


18 


Monte Agudo (Prov. de Murcia) 


Mount Agudo (Prov. of Murcia) 


19 


Cuenca 


120 


Cuenca 


121 


The Jerez mantilla Mantiglla Jerezana 


Im Schmuck der Mantilla von Jerez 


Sous la mantille (Femme de Jerez) Con la mantilla jerezana 


122 


With the mantilia Mantiglia a meriett 


Im Schmuck der Spitzenmantilla (als Hintergrund die Manton) 


En mantille de dentelle Con la mantilia 


123 


° 


La Argentinita, Spain's most Argentinita, la plu celebre ballerina della 
celebrated dancer wearing Spagna, con sulle spalle il Caratteristico 
the Manton shawl) Manton spagnole 


Argentinita, Spaniens beruhmteste Tanzerin 
im Schmuck der Manton (Schultertuch) 


La Argentinita la plus célébre danseuse La Argentinita 
de l'Espagne avec la mante espagnole 
sur les 6paules 


124 


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Madrid 


The Throne-Room in the Royal Castle La Sala del Trono nel Palazzo Reale 


Thronsaal des Kéniglichen Schlosses 


ta salle du tr6éne au Chateau royal Sala del Trono en el Palacio Real 


ae 
Ay 


Nel Palazzo Reale El Pardo, presso Madrid 


In the Royal Castle El Pardo near Madrid 


Im Kéniglichen SchloB El Pardo bel Madrid 


En el Pardo 


Une salle du ch&teau royal d'el Pardo prés de Madrid 


12 


pupew 


jelucosy 


129 


Escorial 


130 


° 
~ 
& 
5 
& 


Court of the Evangelists 


Cour des evangelistes 


Escorial 


Evangelistenhof 


131 


La corte degli evangeilisti 


Patio de los Evangelistas 


VAR Og SELLE SIONAL TIE 


Escorial 


La Sala del Trono 


Throne-Room 


Thronsaal 


Sala del Trono 


La salle du tr6ne 


132 


Escorial 


La Biblioteca 


The Library 


Die Bibliothek 


La biblioteca 


La Bibllothéque 


133 


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134 


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135 


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Aranjuez — Casa de Labrador 


Sala del platino 


Casa de Labrador. 


The platinum Hall 


Platinsaal 


Sala de Platino 


La salle de platine 


Maison de Labrador, 


[ELLE 


CLOOO 


LLefofe 


° 


ih 


TOO ODE 


Spa 


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sr 


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DODO: 


Aranjuez 


Nella Casa de Labrador 


In the Casa de Labrador 


In der Casa de Labrador 


En la Casa de Labrador 


Intéricur de la maison de Labrador 


137 


& 


. 
if 
| 


= 


Aranjuez 


Giardino del Palazzo 


The Palace Garden 


Schlo@garten 


Jardin del Palacio 


Le jardin du palais 


138 


OpesjoL 


139 


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140 


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1m 


Toledo 


Alcantara Bridge with the Alcazar in the background !1] Ponte Alcantara e in alto, in fondo, Alcazar 
Alcantarabrucke, Uberragt vom Alcazar 


Le Pont d’Alcantara, dominé par |'Alcazar Puente Alcantara en el fondo el Alcazar 


142 


Toledo 


View through the gateway of the Alcantara Bridge Veduta del Ponte d'Alcantare dal portone del 
Ponte stesso 


Blick durch das Brickentor der Alcantarabruicke 


V/ue de la porte d’entrée du pont d'Alcantara Vista tomada desde la puerta de! puente Alcantara 


143 


Toledo 


Scala dell'ospedale di Santa Cruz 


Staircase in St. Cruz Hospital 


Treppe des Hospitals Sta. Cruz 


Escalera del hospital de Sta. Cruz 


Escalier de I'hépital Santa-Cruz 


144 


SS oh ting 


Toledo 


Cortile della Casa del Greco 


In the court of the Casa Greco 


Im Hof des Grecohauses 


En el patio de la Casa del Greco 


Cour de la maison du Grec 


145 


Toledo 


Loggiatto del Chiostro di S, Juan de los reyes 


Cloister of St. Juan de los reyes 


S. Juan de los reyes, Kreuzgang 


Claustro de S. Juan de los reyes 


Cloitre de St. Jean de los reyes 


146 


che tar 
eal GE FR oe, 


Toledo 


Il campanile della Cattedraie 


Cathedral Spire 


Turm der Kathedrale 


Torre de la Cated 


ral 


Tour de la Cathédrale 


147 


Toledo 


148 


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149 


Lagartera Costume (Prov. of Toledo) 


Costume di Lagartera (Prov. di Toledo) 


Tracht von Lagartera (Prov. Toledo) 


Traje de Lagartera 
(Prov. de Toledo) 


150 


Jeune femme de Lagartera 
(Province de Toléde) 


ee 
= 


a al 


Lagartera Wedding Dress (Prov. of Toledo) Veste nuziale di Largartera (Prov. de Toledo) 
Hochzeitstracht von Lagartera (Prov. Toledo) 


Une noce a Lagartera (Prov. de Toléde) Traje de boda de Lagartera (Prov. de Toledo) 
Les maries 


Forest Chapel Cappella silvestre 


Waldkapelle 


Calvaire et chapelle champétre Capilla en el bosque 


152 


Ruins of the Cloister in Yuste Convent Rovine nel Chiostro d! Yuste 


Ruinen des Kreuzganges im Kloster Yuste 


Rulnes du monastére de Yuste Rulnas del Claustro de Yuste 


153 


Aldeanueva de la Vera 


154 


155 


Prima della Corrida di tori.nella plazza del villagio di Cepeda 


In the village-square of Cepeda before the bull-fight 


Vor dem Stierkampf auf dem Dorfplatz von Cepeda 


Antes de la novillada en la plaza de la aldea de Cepeda 


Avant le combat de taureaux sur la place de Cepeda 


Segovianian shepherd Pastore segoviano 


Segovianischer Hirt 


Un berger ségovien Pastor segoviano 


156 


BIAODEG 


157 


Segovia 


The Cathedral La Cattedrale 
Kathedrale 


La Cathédrale La Catedral 


158 


159 


Segovia 


Acquedotti romani 


The Roman Aqueduct 


Rémischer Aquaédukt 


El acueducto romano 


L'aqueduc romain 


Segovianian peasant, in the background Contadino segoviano, e, in fondo, 
the Segovia Alcazar 'Alcazar di Segovia 


Segovianischer Bauer, im Hintergrund der Alcazar von Segovia 


Un paysan ségovien, A I'arriére-plan Aldeano segoviano, en el fondo el 
"Alcazar de Segovia Alcazar de Segovia 


160 


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Segovia - Alcazar 


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Segovia, Casa de los Picos 


Segovia 


163 


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167 


Avila 


La porta di S. Vicente 


St. Vicent Gate 


Stadttor S, Vicente 


Puerta de S. Vicente 


La Porte Saint-Vicent 


Avila 


The Cathedral apse. The strongest fortified tower of the L'Abside della Cattedrale serve di potente torre di 
town with sheltered passages and machicolations difesa, munita di cammino di ronda 


Apsis der Kathedrale als starkster Verteidigungsturm der Stadtmauer mit Wehrgang und Pechnasen 


Abside de la cathédrale servant de principale tour de Apside de la Catedral como torre mas fuerte 
défense, avec chemin de ronde et machicoulls de defensa con circunvalacién 


169 


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170 


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174 


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Medin 


La Plazza de! Mercato 


The Market 


Marktplatz 


Plaza mayor 


La place du marche 


O4SPeypiwuinpy ey!ideo 


‘|jeDeUIPEY\ 


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ajara 


Guadal 


'infantado 


Palazzo dell 


Palace of the Infantado 


Palast del Infantado 


Palacio del infantado 


Palals de I'infante 


TAs: 


Guadalajara-Palacio del Infantado 


Entrance- Hall and view of the Court Ingresso e veduta della corte 
Eintrittshalle und Blick in den Hof, 


Vestibule d'entrée et vue dans la cour Entrada y vista del patio 


179 


Guadalajara 


In the court of the Palace of the Infantado Nella corte del palazzo dell’ Infantado 
Im Hof des Palastes del Infantado 


Cour du palais de I'infante En ei patio del palacio del Infantado 


180 


Guadalajara 


In the court of the palace of the Infantado Nella corte del palazzo dell’ Infantado 


im Hof des Palastes del Infantado 


Cour du palais de I'infante En e! patio del palacio del Infantado 


181 


Castillo Pefnafiel 


182 


Castillo Mombeltran 


B905D o/!ISeD 


184 


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185 


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Puerta y torre del homenaje 


Castillo Coca 
Eingangstor und Wartturm 
186 


Gate and Watch Tower 
Porte d’entrée et donjon 


Olid Town Gate Vecchia porta della citta 
Altes Stadttor 


Anclenne porte de la ville Puerta antigua de la ciudad 


187 


Siguenza 


Castle Gate Porta del Castello 
Burgtor 


Porte du vieux chateau - for ; Puerta del castillo 


188 


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189 


190 


Siguenza 


191 


Jérica 


Albarracin 


Albarracin 


193 


Albarracin 


194 


Daroca 


195 


Daroca 


City Gate Porta deila citta 
Stadttor 


Porte de !a ville Puerta de la ciudad 


196 


Daroca 


197 


Tarragona 


Porta di Santa Tecla 


St. Tecla Gate 


Tor der Santa Tecla 


Puerta de Sta. Tecla 


Porte de Sainte Tecla 


198 


Wes $e 
at mada oes 


Tarragona 


Navata della Cattedrale 


thedral Cloisters 


Ca 


Kreuzgang der Kathedrale 


Claustro de la Catedral 


Cloitre de la cathédrafle 


199 


(PERE pe 


Barcelona 


Scala nel cortile del Palazzo Damases 


Stairway in the Court of the Damases House 


Treppe im Hof des Hauses Damases 


Escalera en el patio de la casa de Damases 


Escalier dans la cour de la malson Damases 


200 


The Montserrat. Monistrol at the foot i Montserrat. Sul davanti Monistro! 


Der Montserrat, im Vordergrund Monistro!l 


Le Montserrat, avec Monistrol au premier plan El Montserrat. En primer termino Monistro) 


201 


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202 


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203 


Castellfullit (Catalufa) 


The Town is built on basalt columns | Paese e stato costruito su colonne di basalto 


Der Ort ist auf SAulenbasalt erbaut 


La petite ville est batie sur des rochers El pueblo se levanta sobre columnas 
de basalte de basalto 


204 


Valle del Segre 


Pyrenees, Segre Valley 
Pyrenden, im Segretal 


La vallée de la Ségre dans les Pyrenées Pirineos. Valle del Segre 


205 


Pyrenees, Road to Nurla Pirenei, Via di Nurla 


Pyrenaen, Weg nach Nuria 


Les Pyrenées: Route de Nurla Pirineos, Camino de Nuria 


206 


Pyrenees, de las Debotas Gorge (Rio Cinca) Pirenei, Passo de las Debotas (Rio Cinca) 


Pyrenaen, EngpaB de las Debotas (Rio Cinca) 


Les Pyrenées: Les gorges de las Debotas Pirineos, Paso de las Debotas 
(Rio Cinca) ; (Rio Cinca) 


2O7, 


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Pirenei. 


Castellbé 


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Pyrenaen, 


-yrenées: Castelibdé 


En Castelib6 


Pirineos. 


208 


Pyrenees. St. Juan de Plan Pirenel. S. Juan de Plan 


Pyrenaen. S, Juan de Pian 


Les Pyrenées;: Saint-Jean de Plan Pirineos, S. Juan de Plan 


209 


ETAL TY FLOTATION A 


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Pyrenees -Alquezar Pirenei- Alquezar 


Pyrenaen -Alquezar 


Les Pyrenées: Alquezar Pirineos-Alquezar 


210 


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212 


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213 


In Bielsa 


Pirenei. 


In Bielsa 


Pyrenees. 


In Bielsa 


Pyrenaen. 


En Bielsa 


Pirineos. 


Les Pyrenées: Bielsa 


SFE STR ET ae Se OP RR a - oo - = = — > EE = 


Pirineos. Pena Montanesa 


214 


Pyrenees. Pic du midi Pirenei. Picco del Mezzogiorno 


Pyrenaen. Pic du midi 


les Pyrenées: Le pic du midi Pirineos. Pico del Mediodia 


215 


Pyrenees. Sea of Brachimafia, near Panticosa Pirenel. Lago di Brachimafha presso Panticosa 


Pyrenaen. Brachimafasee bel Panticosa 


Les Pyrenées: Le Lac de Brachimafa pres de Panticosa Lago de Brachimafia cerca de Panticosa 


EI Aneto 


The highest summit of the Pyrenees (8404 m) La piu alta vetta del Pirenel (8404 m). Sul davanti 
in the foreground a crevasse la fenditura di un ghiaccialo 


Der héchste Gipfel der Pyrenaen (8404 m) im Vordergrund eine Gletscherspalte 


Le plus haut sommet des Pyrenées (38404 métres) EI pico mas alto de los Pirineos (8404 m). En el 
au premier plan une crevasse dans le glacier primer termino un barranco de hielo 


217 


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218 


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221 


Aragonese drinking from a wine skin Tipo d'Aragonese in atto di bere 


Aragonese, aus dem Weinschlauch trinkend 


Un Aragonais se desaltére en buvant a méme au tuyau de conduite du vin Aragones, bebiendo de la bota 


222 


Tarazona 


223 


Formazione di roccia ad Auto! 


Rock formations of Autol 
Felsformationen von Auto! 


Le tunnel de la route, a Autaul Formaciones en las rocas de Autol 


224 


ck formations of Autol Formazione di roccie ad Autol 


Felsformationen von Autol 


Bizarres formations rocheuses Formaciénes en las rocas de Autol 


225 


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Soria, S Juan de Duero-Altar 


228 


S. Esteban de Gormaz 


Going to church Alla Chiesa 


Kirchgang 


La montée de 'égllse Camino de la iglesia 


229 


Rock formation of St. Est 


eban de 


St. Esteban de Gormaz: Le Rocher 


Formazione di roccie di S. Esteban de Gormaz 


Felsformation von S. Esteban de Gormaz 


Formacidén en las rocas de S Esteban de Gormaz 


“cae 
CEM 


Pancorbo 


231 


Pancorbo 


232 


Pancorbo 


233 


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Cathedral 


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La Catedral 


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interior de la Catedral 


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L'Altar Maggiore della Cattedrale 


High-Altar of the Church 


Hochaltar der Kirche 


Retablo 


maitre autel de léglise des dominicains 


L 


236 


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€ 


r 


(| sepolcro dell'Infante Alfonso 
Sepulcro del infante Alfonso 


Burgos, Cartuja Miraflores 
Grabmal des Infanten Alfonso 


Sepulchre of the Infante Alfonso 
Tombeau de ‘infant Alphonse dans I'église des dominicains 


t] 


bE AE ae 


In the Garden of the Cartuja Miraflores Nel giardino de !a Cartuja Mirafiores 
im Garten der Cartuja Miraflores 


Le jardin du convent des dominicains En el jardin de la Cartuja Miraflores 


238 


Lonely Chapel Cappella solitaria 


Einsame Kapelie 


Une chapelle solitaire Capilla solitaria 


SOE ALES 


ESET TROT: 


STR 


Arranda de Duero 


Ingresso della Chiesa di S, Maria 


Doors of St. Maria 


Portal der Kirche Santa Maria 


Portada de la Iclesia Sta. Maria 


Portail de I'église Sainte-Marie 


40 


Valladolid 


Facciata della Chiesa di S. Pablo (Stile plateresco) 


Facade of St. Pablo (plateresque style) 


Fassade der Kirche S. Pablo (im plateresken Stil) 


Pablo (estilo plateresco) 


Fachada de S. 


Facade de I'église Saint-Pablo (style en relief) 


241 


Valladolid 


Court of St. Gregorio | Cortile di S. Gregorio 
Hof von S, Gregorio 


Cour de Saint-Grégoire Patio de S. Gregorio 


242 


Valladolid 


La Galleria di S. Gregorlo 


Gallery of St. Gregorio 


Gregorio 


Galerie von S. 


Galeria de S. Gregorio 


Galérie de Saint- Grégoire 


243 


Toro 


The Cathedral- Doorway of the Carmen Chapel La Cattedrale. Ingresso alla Cappella del Carmine 
(Former entrance of the Cathedral) (Antico ingresso alla Cattedrale) 


Kathedral-Portal der Carrnenkapelle (ehemals Eingangstor der Kathedrale) 
La cathédrale: portail de la Chapelle des Carmes Catedral- Portada de la Capilla del Carmen 


(ancienne porte d'entrée de la Cathédrale) (antigua entrada de la catedral) 


244 


euejepBbey eyues eso/6; Be] uc euUNnoSY,P zenbseA ueNnr 'Gg 
BUNDY ep zenbzeA YUeNnr ‘gq edjouud jep oisjndes eou”d np nesequo) -eulejopey-;-sej}UIeS esi}69 


eBuejepHbey BUCS SYDIy sep U! BUNDY ep zeNnbzeA UeNGF ‘Gg USEZULYG Sep jeLWqeID 


eusjepBbeyw eyUeS IP BsaiyuD eBjeu eusjepBeyy BIUSS JO YOUNYS SU} UY 
eUuNndsY ep zenbzeg ueNr Gg edjoupy jep O1djodes ePUNSY Sp zEeNbzeA VEN ‘Gq eouUjYg JO e1YyDjINdeS 


BIOWUeSZ 


245 


Salamanca 


The Cathedral La Cattedrale 
Kathedrale 


“La Cathédrale La Catedral 


246 


Salamanca 


Portale dell'Universita 


Doorway of the University 


Portal der Universitat 


Portada de la Universidad 


Portail de I‘Université 


247 


Salamanca 


Iniversity. Staircase with alto-relievo (the relievos Universita. La scalinata. Nella parte superiore della 
m the upper part showing knights In a bull-fight) Scala 6 raffigurata una corrida di tori 


Universitat. Platereske Treppe (an der oberen Treppenwange Darstellung eines Ritterstierkampfes) 


L'Université: Escalier du style en relief (sur ie limon supérieur Universidad. La Escalera (en el relieve superior 
est représenté un combat de taureaux au Moyen -Age) una corrida de toros en la Edad Media) 


248 


Wal 


Salamanca 


inner Doorway In the court of the Escuelas menores Portale interno ne! cortile della Scuola inferiore 
(lower school) 


Inneres Portal im Hof der Escuelas menores (niedere Schule) 


Portail intérieur dans la cour des Escuelas menores Entrada y patio de las Escuelas menores 
(écoles mineures) (hospital del estudio) 


249 


ba 


ae ° 
wh ate 


Ciudad Rodrigo 
Door of palace Ingresso d’un palazzo 
Portal eines Palastes 


Portail d'un palais Portada de un palacio 


250 


251 


Rodrigo 


ciudad 


La Plazza del Mercato 


arket place 


K 
‘ 


Marktplatz 


La grande place (Place du marché) 


Costumes in Candelario Costumi di Candelario 


Tracht von Candelario 


Femmes de Candelario Traje de Candelario 


(EOURPWIRIES AOJY) Oe|SpUueD 


253 


Costumes in La Alberca (Prov. of Salamanca) Costumi di La Alberca (Prov. di Salamanca) 


Tracht von La Alberca (Prov. Salamanca) 


Une famille de paysans de la Alberca (Prov. de Salamanque) Traje de la Alberca (Prov. de Salamanca) 


254 


A Mule - Ride Cavalicata sul mulo 


Maultierritt 


En route sur la mule Paseo en mula 


255 


(Piu fill 


eredlta di famiglia) 


Costume festivo a La Alberca. 
di catene d'oro, 


strand 


-old family ornament) 


estal Costume in La Alberca (four 
gold chaine 


F 


elreihige Goldketten - alter Familienbesitz) 


ca (vi 


Festtracht von La Alber 


Traje festivo de La Alberca (las cadenas 
de oro son una joya de familia) 


256 


Femme dela Alberca en costume de cérémonie 
(Les colliers en or a plusieurs rangées pro- 
Viennent d'un trés ancien héritage de familie) 


Festal costume In La Alberca Giovinetta di La Alberca in costume festivo 


Festtracht von La Alberca 


Femme de la Alberca en costume de féte Traje festivo de La Alberca 


ft i 


A Mogarraz (Provincia di Salamanca) 


In Mogarraz (Prov, of Salamanca) 


In Mogarraz (Prov. Salamanca) 


En Mogarraz (Prov. de Salamanca) 


A Mogarraz (Province de Salamanque) 


258 


Hurdanos at the well Hurdani alla fontana 


Hurdesbewohner am Brunnen 


Hurdanos a la fontaine Hurdanos en la fuente 


259 


The Monastery of Las Batuecas 


Le Monastére de Las Batuecas 


&] 
: 


a 
rs 
t. 
‘ 
7 


Kloster Batuecas 


260 


Ji Monastero’' di Las Batuecas 


E! Monasterio de Las Batuecas 


Doorway in the Monastery of Las Batuecas Ingresso del Monastero Las Batuecas 


Pforte des Klosters Batuecas 


Porte d‘entrée du monastére de Las Batuecas Portada de! Monasterio de Las Batuecas 


1 the monastery school Neila scucla dei Monastero 


nm der Klosterschule 


.Secoie au monastere En ja escuela de! monasterio 


The beauty of the woods (Batuecas) Nella foresta (Batuecas) 


Waldespracht (Batuecas) 


Dans ta forét (Batuecas) Encanto del bosque (Batuecas) 


263 


<) 


~~ 


‘ SPAY “ee - 
A AN , 


Y 


Ht 
MM) 
ni 
ANA 
Ale 
add 
i 


f 


Door-post of the chapel of St. Miguel de Lino Pilastro della Cappella di S. Michele de Lino (Oviedo) 
near Oviedo (erected by Ramiro |. about 845) (Costruito da Ramiro |. nell’ anno 845) 


Pfosten der Kapelle S. Miguel! de Lino bei Oviedo (von Ramiro |. um 845 erbaut) 


Un pilier de la Chapelle de St. Michel de Lino Poste de la Capilla S. Miguel de Lino (Oviedo) 
(Oviedo) (batie par Ramiro | er en 845) (edificada por Ramiro | por los afios de 845) 


264 


Interior of the Chapel! of St. Maria de Naranco Interno della Cappella di Santa Maria de Naranco 
near Oviedo (erected about 845) (Oviedo) (Costruita nell’ anno 845) 


Inneres der Kapelle Santa Maria de Naranco bei Oviedo (um 845 erbaut) 


Intérieur de la chapelie de Ste, Marie Interior de la Capilla St. Maria de Naranco 
de Naranco (Oviedo) (batie en 845) (Oviedo) (edificada por los afios de 845) 


Passo di Hermida nel Picos d'Europa (Asturie) 


The Gorge of Hermida in the Picos de Europa (Asturla) 


Engpass von Hermida in den Picos de Europa (Asturien) 


Desfiladero de Hermida en los Picos de Europa 


éfiié de Hermida a Los Picos de Europa (Asturies) 


> 


L 


(Asturias) 


66 


Gorge in the Sella Valle Picos de Europa) Nelle valle del Sella (Pico d'Euroapa 
g y Pp 


m Sellatal (Picos de Europa) 


Gorge de ‘a Sella (Picos de Europa) Desfiladero de Sella (Picos de Europa) 


267 


Asturian Bridge (Picos de Europa) Ponte asturiano (Pico d’Europa) 


Asturianische Brucke (Picos de Europa) 


Un pont des Asturies (Picos de Europa) Puente asturiano (Picos de Europa) 


268 


is Avenue near Ribadeseila Viale fiancheggiato di eucalitti a Ribadesella 


Eukalyptusalles bei Ribadesella 


Allée d'eucalyptus prés de Ribadesella Alameda de Eucaliptos (Ribadesellia) 


Potes (Picos de Europa) 


= 


{ 


Potes 


ANT, 


Potes (Picos de Europa) 


273 


Potes 


(seins) SIUO EP SEBUBD Sp CUBWIOI SJUSEN, 


Ss} 


VY 


(usunsy) sium ep sebuend 


u} 


exoOnNWG Suosiwiey 


(seunsy) SIU ep SseBuesd & UlBPWUIOY OY 


(eunisy) sium ep seBued u! shpuq UeWwoOYy 


274 


275 


antander sailing-boat harbour 


The Si 


Segelschiffnafe 


a 


Le port des vc 


Ondarroa (Vizcaya) 


276 


Castillo Butrén (Vizcaya) 


dE Of 


Casetta Basca (Mafaria) 


Peasant's House (Manaria) 


jue 


c 


Bas 


Baskisches Bauernhaus (Mafaria) 


Casita vasca (Mafaria) 


Maison de paysan basque (Mafiaria) 


278 


[BuBINg Sp B21eD BOSSA BYUSeD 


2>6uRINg oOSsseid jyoSseq !UIPe}UOD jp eyResen 


eBueing jeq sneyuseneg seyuosimseg 


OBuUBING ep SUOI’jAUS xnNe anbseq UPSshed ep uosieEy 


oBuegsng seeu ssnoy sjueseey enbseg 


279 


280 


Molini basco 


Basque Mill 


Baskische Muhle 


Molino vasco 


Un moulin basque 


ODId!)} COSeA O1ueD 


iONq UGS CDSseg OUIeD 


USIJEHUSHSeG 4seyUo 


Ss 


1dA 


sjneoq ep sgjeye enbseq eyeseYdS Sur) 


weo enbseg jedidAL 


281 


$ 


# 


z 


* 


’ 


ad 


* 


ot 


tr 


Cenarruzza 


Antica lapide sepolcrale nella Collegiata 
de 


ZzZza 


Biscaya, Ancient gravestone in the Colegiata 
of Cenarru 


Vizcaya. Alter Grabstein in der Colegiata von Cenarruza 


giata 


de Cenarruza 


Vizcaya. Lapida sepulcral en la Cole 


282 


Pierre tombale a la Collegiaile de Cenarruza 
(Biscaye) 


Stone Crucifix in Durango (Biscaya) Croce di pietra a Durango (Vizcaya) 


Steinkreuz in Durango (Vizcaya) 


Le Calvaire de Durango (Biscaye) 


Cruz de piedra de Durango (Vizcaya) 


283 


Entrance to the Mallona Cemetery (Bilbao) Ingresso al cimitero di Mallona (Bilbao) 


Friedhofsaufgang Mallona (Bilbao) 


Entrée du cimetiére de Mallona (Bilbao) Entrada del cementerio de Mallona (Bilbao) 


284 


(BAPOZIA) O4sO/Q OP SO1eED eips|d ep solsjindaes 


(BAPBOZIA) C440] OSSSid BALD eI}E!d IP DjJOodes 


(BPASZSIA) O44] eq soUuPpojuUSisIMUIEIS 


(sAeOS1g) OJJO/R,P SUO4IAUS xNe Siisid ap seisjndes 


(eAeosig) Oj44s0/Q 4eOU Sse1yojndes suo}s YYWM A1sjawey 


285 


BIN SIUOW-: |e Spsep ojsi, 


SIM SJUOW IEP BHID BIlIEPp Sinpep 


ueysseB eI1Q eqUO: WOA 


uenseqes ues 


BIN WOW Np ssid ENA 


RYN SyVOW Wold MBIA 


286 


oplenb;j syuo~y je Spsep o};sIA 


opjenB; syuoW [ep RHI eI|Sp eyNpep 


ueyeseB opjenByj eyUOW WoO, 


ueysegqes ues 


opjenB; jUOW Np ssid sna 


‘ opjenB, eyoyy Wios MBIA 


257, 


se0eyooue |v uspnsegqes-3UjeESs e siNosNdeso Sp joys 
Bunwwijspueqy 


oyuOWRIL eppueag 


ueHseqes ues 


ojnosndeip ‘uReNSseqes UeS Sp OYENd e|nosndeid ep ysya ‘usAseqses-jUuyeES ep yicd ey 


UsjJeyYy Wu; puseqy ‘uUReHSeqes UPS 


Buiueag “anoqiey ‘uReseqes UBS 


ojnosndeing “‘ouRHSeqes USS IP OWOd 


oyiend 13 


90d Il 


‘OURNSegSsS UBS 


usjey 


ueNSeqssS UeS 


USNSEGSS Wes ep yod’eq 


snoquey euL 


290 


(ecozndind) sebesey ep opend jep epesjUug 


(eoozndind) seBbeseg UOAN Us}JeY USP ul! WHYeyUIg 


(eoozndjnd) sebesey |p oj:od je OssedDe Pp ORCAS 


(2OOZNdIND) sebesey ep wod np sesjug 


seBbesey jO inoquey eu} 0} SDUBIjUW 


291 


Pasages 


292 


Pasages 


293 


Pasages 


2904 


sebesey 


295 


seBesey ep soAew ezejd e] us epel|JAON sebesey e coed epuei6 e uns xneeine] ep yequioo un 


seBesey UOA zye\dp ew Wep jne sdweryieys 


sebesey |p OyedJeW jep ezzejd Bjns epy0|D seBesey jO ede|q-yeyieEW Su} U WUBYy-|ING 


Sl 


ey ae 


rs 


aoe 4 


im i 


er 


296 


$OJ0} so} © OpueBn[ soyoeyonw 


2PlsdOD eBI/eB OUPDON!IB eyo ju|quReg 


pusjsids jdue yisays 


ueqeuyy 


jouBbedse usjq yUuRjUSe.p nef uq 


BupyyBy-\nq ye BujAvid skog 


297 


Fuenterabia 


Court in Charles V th's Palace Cortile del Palazzo Carlo V. 
Hof im Palast Karls V. 


Une cour du palais de Charles- Quint Patlo en el Palacio Carlos V. 


298 


Ruins among the flowers Margariten. Rovine 


Ruinen in Margariten 


Ruines et fleurs Ruinas entre flores 


The Cathedral 


La Cathédrale 


Santiago de Campostela 


Kathedrale 


300 


d i 


if 
y 


sey itt 


or. 


e 


ag 


La Cattaedrale 


La Catedral 


In the Bay of Pontevedra (Galicia) Nel seno di Pontevedra (Galizia) 


In der Bucht von Pontevedra (Galicien) 


La baie de Pontevedra (Galice) En la ria de Pontevedra (Galicia) 


301 


The waves at play Giuoco delle onde 


Spiel der Wellen 


Echappée sur la mer Juego de las olas 


302 


(RIND) CBIA ep oveNY 


(RIZED) CDIA IP 9}40qG 


(UB|DI/ED) CBA USCA UEeyeyYy 


(S5}12D) OBiA: ep ysod e4 


(BjDyeD) anoqueyy OBA 


303 


Eventide at sea (Exit of Pasages) Tramonto sul mare (Uscita del porto di Pasages) 


Abendfeier auf dem Meere (Ausfahrt von Pasages) 


Effet de soir sur la mer a la sortie de Pasages . Penumbra de la tarde en el mar (Salida de Pasages) 


304 


a“ 
’ 


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GETTY CENTER LIBRARY PHOT 
NH 32 H633 P61 1925 BKS 
c. 1 Hielscher, Kurt, 188 
Picturesque Spain : architecture, landsc 


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